Journal of Power Electronics

  • 제25권12호
  • /
  • Pages.2179-2189
  • /
  • 2025
  • /
  • 1598-2092(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2093-4718(eISSN)
전력전자학회 (The Korean Institute of Power Electronics)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

High-efficiency multi-mode linear battery charger with adaptive current sensor for multiple energy harvesting systems

  • YunGwan Kim (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • JiHun Woo (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • SungJae Lee (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • JuWon Oh (Department of Semiconductor Convergence Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • DaeYoung Choi (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • SungJune Byun (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • JaeBin Kim (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • DongGyun Kim (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Kang‑Yoon Lee (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • 투고 : 2025.06.26
  • 심사 : 2025.09.10
  • 발행 : 2025.12.20
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

With the increasing integration of energy-harvesting systems into low-power applications, the need for efficient and accurate battery-charging circuits has become critical. In such systems, fluctuating energy sources affect the stability and precision of conventional linear chargers, especially in terms of current sensing and charging efficiency across a wide range of charging currents. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-mode linear battery charger that incorporates an adaptive current sensor based on a current-reuse structure. This sensor dynamically adjusts its sensing ratio to maintain high accuracy under variable input conditions. The proposed charger supports Li-ion batteries and operates in three charging modes trickle charge, constant current, and constant voltage to accommodate charging voltages from 3.8 to 4.8 V. Across a charging current range of 10-500 mA, the design achieves a minimum current-sensing error of 0.05% and a maximum charging efficiency of 95.62% at 4.8 V and 500 mA. A compact and high-performance solution for energy-harvesting battery is fabricated in a 130 nm BCD process, where the entire layout area is 750 ㎛×650 ㎛.

키워드

과제정보

This research was supported by National R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by Ministry of Science and ICT (No. RS-2020-NR047143) and also this work was supported by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) grant funded by the Korea Government (MOTIE) (RS-2025-02214408, HRD Program for Industrial Innovation).

참고문헌

  1. Shang, Z., Zhao, Y., Gou, W., Geng, L., Lian, Y.: 83.9% Efficiency 100-mV self-startup boost converter for thermoelectric energy harvester in IoT applications. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 67(9), 1654-1658 (2020)
  2. Bito, J., Bahr, R., Hester, J., Nauroze, S., Georgiadis, A., Tentzeris, M.: A novel solar and electromagnetic energy harvesting system with a 3-D printed package for energy efficient Internet-of-Things wireless sensors. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 65(5), 1831-1842 (2017)
  3. Jo, J.W., Yu, D.H., Pu, Y.G., Jung, Y.J., Kim, S.K., Yoo, J.M., Hwang, K.C., Yang, Y.G., Lee, K.Y.: A nanocurrent power management IC for multiple heterogeneous energy harvesting sources. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 38(11), 14226-14235 (2023)
  4. Dini, M., Romani, A., Filippi, M., Bottarel, V., Ricotti, G., Tartagni, M.: A nanocurrent power management IC for multiple heterogeneous energy harvesting sources. IEEE Trans. Power Elecron. 30(10), 5665-5680 (2015)
  5. Wang, Y., Yang, K., Wan, W., Zhang, Y., Liu, Q.: Energy-efficient data and energy integrated management strategy for IoT devices based on RF energy harvesting. IEEE Internet Things J. 8(17), 13640-13651 (2021)
  6. Altinel, D., Kurt, G.K.: Modeling of multiple energy sources for hybrid energy harvesting IoT systems. IEEE Internet Things J. 6(6), 10846-10854 (2019)
  7. Sanislav, T., Mois, G.D., Zeadally, S., Folea, S.C.: Energy harvesting techniques for Internet of Things (IoT). IEEE Access 9, 39530-39549 (2021)
  8. Krikids, I., Charalambous, T., Thompson, J.S.: Stability analysis and power optimization for energy harvesting cooperative networks. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 19(1), 20-23 (2012)
  9. Jung, H., Sharma, Y., Zuo, L.: Digitally controlled power management circuit with dual-functioned single-stage power converter for vibration energy harvesting. IEEE J. Emerg. Select. Top. Power Electron. 10(4), 3873-3882 (2022)
  10. Amanor-Boadu, J.M., Abouzied, M.A., Sánchez-Sinencio, E.: An efficient and fast Li-ion battery charging system using energy harvesting or conventional sources. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 65(9), 7383-7394 (2018)
  11. Jeong, J., Shim, M., Maeng, J., Park, I., Kim, C.: A high-efficiency charger with adaptive input ripple MPPT for low-power thermoelectric energy harvesting achieving 21% efficiency improvement. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 35(1), 347-358 (2020)
  12. Wu, C.Y., Wang, S.H., Tang, L.Y.: CMOS high-efficiency wireless battery charging system with global power control through backward data telemetry for implantable medical devices. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap. 67(12), 5624-5635 (2020)
  13. Biswas, S., Huang, L., Vaidya, V., Ravichandran, K., Mohan, N., Dhople, S.V.: Universal current-mode control schemes to charge Li-ion batteries under DC/PV source. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap. 63(9), 1531-1542 (2016)
  14. Hu, X., Jiang, J., Cao, D., Egardt, B.: Battery health prognosis for electric vehicles using sample entropy and sparse Bayesian predictive modeling. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 63(4), 2645-2656 (2016)
  15. Valle, B.D., Wentz, C.T., Sarpeshkar, R.: An area and power-efficient analog Li-ion battery charger circuit. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst. 5(2), 131-137 (2011)
  16. Zhi, Q., Rincón-Mor, G.A., Gu, P.: Autonomous and programmable 12-W 10-kHz single-cell Li-ion battery tester. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 71, 1-8 (2022)
  17. Noh, K., Zhang, M., Sánchez-Sinencio, E.: A unified amplifier-based CC-CV linear charger for energy-constrained low-power applications. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 66(3), 377-381 (2019)
  18. Chen, M., Rincón-Mora, G.A.: Accurate, compact, and power-efficient Li-ion battery charger circuit. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 53(11), 1180-1184 (2006)
  19. Liu, P.-J., Chien, L.-H.: A high-efficiency integrated multimode battery charger with an adaptive supply voltage control scheme. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 33(33), 6869-6876 (2018)
  20. ul Ain, Q., et al.: A high-efficiency fast transient COT control DC-DC buck converter with current reused current sensor. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 36(8), 9521-9353 (2021)
  21. Sudevalayam, S., Kulkarni, P.: Energy harvesting sensor nodes: survey and implications. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 13(3), 443-461 (2010)
  22. Lu, X., Wang, P., Niyato, D., Kim, D.I., Han, Z. Wireless networks with RF energy harvesting: a contemporary survey. IEEE Commu. Surv. Tutor. 17(2), 757-789 (2014)
  23. Paradiso, J.A., Starner, T.: Energy scavenging for mobile and wireless electronics. IEEE Pervasive Comput. 4(1), 18-27 (2005)
  24. Chung, K., Hong, S.-K., Kwon, O.-K. A fast and compact charger for an Li-ion battery using successive built-in resistance detection. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 64(2), 161-165 (2019)
  25. Liu, P.-J., Chen, T.-F., Yang, H.-S.: A Li-ion battery charger with variable charging current and automatic voltage-compensation controls for parallel charging. IEEE J. Emerg. Select. Top. Power Electron. 10(1), 997-1006 (2022)