Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Polyphenol Contents, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extract and Fractions of Sonneratia Caseolaris Fruits from Ben Tre Province in Vietnam

  • Thien khanh Tran (Chemical Engineering in Advanced Materials and Renewable Energy Research Group, School of Technology, Van Lang University) ;
  • Pham Thi Thu Ha (Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland) ;
  • Robert. J. Henry (Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland) ;
  • Dang Nguyen Thao Nguyen (Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University) ;
  • Phung Thi Tuyen (Department of Forest Plant, Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry) ;
  • Nguyen Thanh Liem (Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quynhon University)
  • Received : 2023.04.13
  • Accepted : 2023.09.20
  • Published : 2024.01.28
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Abstract

Plants contain a large number of phytochemical components, many of which are known as bioactive compounds and responsible for the expression of various pharmacological activities. The extract of Sonneratia caseolaris fruit collected in Vietnam was investigated for its total phenolic and total flavonoid contents using methanol solvent and different fractions of S. caseolaris fruits (hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous). GC-MS analysis was conducted to identify the bioactive chemical constituents occurring in the active extract. Further, the antibacterial activity was tested in vitro on bacterial isolates, namely Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, using the disc diffusion method on tryptic soya agar (TSA) medium. The methanol extract showed high total flavonoid (82.3 ± 0.41 mg QE/g extract) and phenolic (41.0 ± 0.34 mg GAE/g extract) content. GC-MS of the methanol extract and different fractions of S. caseolaris fruits detected 20 compounds, principally fatty alcohols, fatty acids, phenols, lipids, terpenes derivatives, and carboxylic acids derivatives. A 50 mg/ml concentration of methanol extract had the strongest antibacterial activity on E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. Furthermore, ethyl acetate, aqueous, and n-butanol fractions inhibited S. aureus and B. subtilis the most. The results of the present study suggested that the fruits of S. caseolaris are rich sources of phenolic compounds that can contribute to safe and cost-effective treatments.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would also express gratitude toward Van Lang University (VLU) for its great support with both research funding and experimental facility. Some experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the School of Engineering and Technology (VLSET) - at Van Lang University (VLU). This work was carried out under the support of the Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (Crop Sciences Lab) at The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. On the other hand, the High Agricultural Technology Research Institute for Mekong Delta, Vietnam (HATRI) provides important efforts in collecting and examining several samples.

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