Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Relationships among tooth loss, prefrailty, and dietary patterns in community-dwelling older Japanese females: a cross-sectional study

  • Tatsumi Hayashi (Faculty of Economics, Shimonoseki City University) ;
  • Rumi Sato (Community Health Division, Council of Social Welfare) ;
  • Kazuo Tamura (Research Promotion Division, Fukuoka University)
  • Received : 2023.12.22
  • Accepted : 2024.04.08
  • Published : 2024.06.01
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Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Poor oral health has been predicted the development of frailty and sarcopenia as well as the subsequent need for long-term care. This cross-sectional study examined the relationships among tooth loss, prefrailty, and dietary patterns in community-dwelling older Japanese females. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Information on the number of teeth, food consumption, and lifestyle factors was collected from 271 participants aged ≥ 65 yrs using a questionnaire. The number of teeth was self-reported and classified into 2 groups: natural teeth ≥ 20 and natural teeth < 20. Prefrailty was assessed using the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study. Three dietary patterns ("vegetables and dairy products" [VD], "rice and fish and shellfish" [RF], and "bread and beverages") were adopted from a cluster analysis of the intakes of 20 foods evaluated using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The odds ratios (ORs) for prefrailty and dietary patterns were calculated using a binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 267 participants were analyzed, excluding those with frailty (n = 4). The rates of natural teeth < 20 and prefrailty were 57.3 and 37.4%, respectively. Natural teeth < 20 was positively correlated with prefrailty (OR, 4.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.54-8.52) and inversely correlated with VD pattern (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.27-0.69). Furthermore, both VD (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16-0.91) and RF (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11-0.62) patterns were inversely correlated with prefrailty. CONCLUSIONS: Maintaining the number of natural teeth ≥ 20 into old age plays an important role in preventing a prefrailty. The promotion of VD and RF dietary patterns has potential as an effective nutritional strategy for preventing tooth loss and prefrailty.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We would like to extend our deepest gratitude to all of the participants and the field team who collaborated in this study. We would like to thank Medical English Service (www.med-english.com) for English language editing.

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