Analysis of the Public Service Pension System Using Pension Projection Model: Focused on General Civil Servants

연금 추계 모형을 이용한 공무원연금제도 분석-일반직 공무원을 중심으로

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to analyze the civil servant pension system in Korea, focusing on general administrative officials. Design/methodology/approach - This study developed a pension projection model that reflects the latest reforms and applied it to forecast the income replacement ratio and benefit ratios. Based on these projections, the study examined financial trends and proposed necessary reforms to ensure sustainability, such as adjusting the pension age. Findings - First, the benefit ratio decreases with later birth cohorts, showing that the reforms have reduced benefit gaps across generations. Second, while fairness within the same generation shows little difference between ranks, differences in income levels still result in significant disparities in pension amounts. Lastly, the pension deficit is expected to increase until 2029, after which it will gradually decrease, though further reforms are needed to ensure long-term financial sustainability. Research implications or Originality - This study is the first to comprehensively assess the fairness and sustainability of the civil servant pension system in Korea, considering both inter- and intra-generational equity. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers aiming to ensure the system's sustainability as well as maintaining fairness across different cohorts and income levels.