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The Characteristics of Spatial-temporal Distribution of Cultural Heritage and the Natural Environment in Shandong Province, China - Focused on Cultural Properties Protection Units -

중국 산둥성(山東省) 문화유산의 자연환경과 시·공간적 특성 - 문화재 보호 단위를 대상으로 -

  • WEI, GUANYU (Dept. of Environmental Landscape Architecture, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Han, Gab-Soo (Dept. of Environmental Landscape Architecture, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
  • Received : 2024.06.03
  • Accepted : 2024.07.16
  • Published : 2024.06.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to divide cultural assets distributed in Shandong Province, China into five periods and identify the spatial distribution of each cultural asset type and its relationship with the natural environment, such as elevation, slope, and water system. As a result of the study, cultural properties before the Jin dynasty had a high distribution ratio of urban relics such as villages and tombs, and in Jin·Han~Su·Tang dynasty, tombs, ruins, stone caves, and stone carvings. In the Song and Yuan dynasties, there were many cultural properties such as relics, architectural and landscape cultural properties, and in the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were many cultural properties such as buildings, and they were more spatially distributed and distributed. After the Qing Dynasty, commemorative sites, political and defense-related buildings were distributed throughout Shandong, and many cultural assets were located in coastal cities on the east side of Shandong Province. It was found that the types of cultural assets were influenced not only by the social environment of each era but also by the natural environment. Except for cultural assets related to religion, such as grottoes and stone carvings, most cultural assets were located at low elevations and low slopes, and cultural assets were often distributed within 5km of water systems.

본 연구에서는 중국 산둥성에 분포하는 문화재를 5개의 시기로 구분하고, 문화재 유형별 공간적 분포와 표고, 경사, 수계 등 자연환경과의 관계를 파악하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 진시대 이전의 문화재는 마을 등 도시관련 유적과 분묘의 비율이 높았으며, 노중남산 구릉에 과반수의 문화재가 분포하였다. 진·한~수·당에는 분묘와 유적, 그리고 불교의 영향에 따른 석굴 및 석각의 분포 비율이 높았다. 송·원시대에는 유적, 건축 및 조경 문화재가 과반수를 차지하였으며, 명·청시대에는 건축물 등의 문화재가 많았고 공간적으로 더욱 분산되어 분포하였다. 청시대 이후에는 기념유적지, 정치 및 국방 관련 건축물 등이 산둥지역 전역에 걸쳐 분포하였으며, 산둥성 동측 해안 도시에 많은 문화재가 위치하였다. 문화재의 유형 및 분포는 각 시대의 사회환경뿐만이 아니라, 자연환경에도 크게 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 석굴과 석각 등을 제외하고, 대부분의 문화재는 표고가 낮고, 완만한 경사에 위치하는 경우가 많았다. 수계와는 5km 이내에 문화재가 분포하는 경우가 많았다.

Keywords

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