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An Analytical Study of Chloride Ion Diffusion in Concrete via Cellular Automaton Method

셀룰러 오토마톤 법을 이용한 콘크리트의 염화물이온 확산현상의 해석적 연구

  • Received : 2024.08.09
  • Accepted : 2024.08.26
  • Published : 2024.10.20

Abstract

This study introduces a new analytical model known as the Cellular Automaton Method(CAM) designed to predict the degree of deterioration in concrete, taking into account its complex pore structure. The CAM model assesses the impacts of moisture migration, driven by capillary action and pressure differentials at the gas-liquid interface, which are influenced by the distribution of pores. It also evaluates how porosity and diffusion coefficients affect the penetration of chloride ions. The model's application revealed distinct moisture movement patterns in concrete structures, distinguishing between those with porosity levels below and above 40 percent. Additionally, it facilitated a comparison and analysis of chloride ion diffusion phenomena, based on diffusion coefficients in areas penetrated by moisture, against results obtained from the Finite Element Method(FEM). The comparison showed a maximum deviation of only 0.989 percent between the predicted outcomes of the FEM and CAM, demonstrating substantial agreement and validating CAM's efficacy in simulating the diffusion processes of chloride ions within concrete under actual salt damage conditions. Thus, CAM proves to be a reliable tool for modeling and anticipating deterioration in concrete structures exposed to saline environments.

본 연구에서는 콘크리트 내부의 복잡한 공극 구조를 고려하여 콘크리트에서 발생되는 열화 정도를 예측하는데, 콘크리트 내부에서의 모세관 작용 및 공극 분포에 의해 발생하는 기체와 액체 계면에서의 압력 저하를 구동력으로 한 수분 이동과 공극률 및 확산계수가 염화물이온의 침투 거동에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 Cellular Automaton Method(이하, CAM)라는 새로운 해석모델을 구축하였다. 이를 통해 40% 이하의 공극률을 가진 콘크리트 조직 내 수분 이동과 공극률 40% 이상에서의 수분 이동 현상을 검토하였으며, 수분이 침투한 영역에 한해서 확산계수에 따른 염화물이온의 확산 현상과 Finite Element Method(이하, FEM)의 확산해석 결과를 비교 분석한 결과, FEM과 CAM 해석결과 값의 최대 편차가 0.989%로, 두 모델이 상당히 일치함이 확인되어, 실제의 염해 환경에서 콘크리트 내 염화물이온 확산 과정을 시뮬레이션하기 위해서는 CAM이 적합할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This paper was supported by Lotte E&C Research & Development Institute AI Research Grant, 2024.

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