References
- Neat‚u M, Jugurt A, Covaliu A, Davidescu EI, Popescu BO. Autoimmune encephalitis-a multifaceted pathology. Biomedicines 2023;11:2176
- Patel A, Meng Y, Najjar A, Lado F, Najjar S. Autoimmune encephalitis: a physician's guide to the clinical spectrum diagnosis and management. Brain Sci 2022;12:1130
- Zhu S, Yu J, Wu Y, Peng J, Xie X, Zhang X, et al. Pathophysiology and clinical management of autoimmune encephalitis-associated seizures. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022;29:282-295
- Ampie L, McGavern DB. Immunological defense of CNS barriers against infections. Immunity 2022;55:781-799
- Louveau A, Plog BA, Antila S, Alitalo K, Nedergaard M, Kipnis J. Understanding the functions and relationships of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics. J Clin Invest 2017;127:3210-3219
- Rojas M, Restrepo-Jimenez P, Monsalve DM, Pacheco Y, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Ramirez-Santana C, et al. Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2018;95:100-123
- Jessen NA, Munk AS, Lundgaard I, Nedergaard M. The glymphatic system: a beginner's guide. Neurochem Res 2015;40:2583-2599
- Platt MP, Agalliu D, Cutforth T. Hello from the other side: how autoantibodies circumvent the blood-brain barrier in autoimmune encephalitis. Front Immunol 2017;8:442
- Kelley BP, Patel SC, Marin HL, Corrigan JJ, Mitsias PD, Griffith B. Autoimmune encephalitis: pathophysiology and imaging review of an overlooked diagnosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017;38:1070-1078
- Konnecke H, Bechmann I. The role of microglia and matrix metalloproteinases involvement in neuroinflammation and gliomas. Clin Dev Immunol 2013;2013:914104
- Goldmann T, Prinz M. Role of microglia in CNS autoimmunity. Clin Dev Immunol 2013;2013:208093
- Rossling R, Pruss H. SOP: antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis. Neurol Res Pract 2020;2:1
- Ding H, Jian Z, Stary CM, Yi W, Xiong X. Molecular pathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:643409
- Huang Q, Xie Y, Hu Z, Tang X. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a review of pathogenic mechanisms, treatment, prognosis. Brain Res 2020;1727:146549
- Sun Y, Ren G, Ren J, Shan W, Han X, Lian Y, et al. The association between age and prognosis in patients under 45 years of age with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Front Neurol 2020;11:612632
- Zhang T, Duan Y, Ye J, Xu W, Shu N, Wang C, et al. Brain MRI characteristics of patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and their associations with 2-year clinical outcome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018;39:824-829
- Van Mater H. Pediatric inflammatory brain diseases: a diagnostic approach. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2014;26:553-561
- Budhram A, Britton JW, Liebo GB, Dubey D, Zekeridou A, Flanagan EP, et al. Use of diffusion-weighted imaging to distinguish seizure-related change from limbic encephalitis. J Neurol 2020;267:3337-3342
- Langille MM, Desai J. Encephalitis due to antibodies to voltage gated potassium channel (VGKC) with cerebellar involvement in a teenager. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2015;18:238-239
- van Sonderen A, Petit-Pedrol M, Dalmau J, Titulaer MJ. The value of LGI1, Caspr2 and voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies in encephalitis. Nat Rev Neurol 2017;13:290-301
- Weihua Z, Haitao R, Jie D, Changhong R, Ji Z, Anna Z, et al. Autoimmune cerebellar ataxia associated with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 antibodies: two pediatric cases. J Neuroimmunol 2022;370:577918
- van Sonderen A, Arino H, Petit-Pedrol M, Leypoldt F, Kortvelyessy P, Wandinger KP, et al. The clinical spectrum of Caspr2 antibody-associated disease. Neurology 2016;87:521-528
- Deng B, Cai M, Qiu Y, Liu X, Yu H, Zhang X, et al. MRI characteristics of autoimmune encephalitis with autoantibodies to GABAA receptor: a case series. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2022;9:e1158
- Clarke L, Arnett S, Lilley K, Liao J, Bhuta S, Broadley SA. Magnetic resonance imaging in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Clin Exp Immunol 2021;206:251-265
- Dutra BG, da Rocha AJ, Nunes RH, Maia ACM Junior. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: spectrum of MR imaging findings and their differential diagnosis. Radiographics 2018;38:169-193
- Shahriari M, Sotirchos ES, Newsome SD, Yousem DM. MOGAD: how it differs from and resembles other neuroinflammatory disorders. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021;216:1031-1039
- Wegener-Panzer A, Cleaveland R, Wendel EM, Baumann M, Bertolini A, Hausler M, et al. Clinical and imaging features of children with autoimmune encephalitis and MOG antibodies. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020;7:e731
- Sahashi K, Sakai K, Mano K, Hirose G. Anti-Ma2 antibody related paraneoplastic limbic/brain stem encephalitis associated with breast cancer expressing Ma1, Ma2, and Ma3 mRNAs. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:1332-1335
- Rosenfeld MR, Eichen JG, Wade DF, Posner JB, Dalmau J. Molecular and clinical diversity in paraneoplastic immunity to Ma proteins. Ann Neurol 2001;50:339-348
- Ortega Suero G, Sola-Valls N, Escudero D, Saiz A, Graus F. Anti-Ma and anti-Ma2-associated paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2018;33:18-27
- Neto ADP, de Aquino BCV, de Morais Brito PS, eSilva RDA, Neto MM, Barsottini OGP, et al. ANTI-MA2 encephalitis mimicking diencephalic demyelinating syndrome. Interdiscip Neurosurg 2021;23:100980
- Co DO, Kwon JM. Autoimmune encephalitis: distinguishing features and specific therapies. Crit Care Clin 2022;38:393-412
- Vianello M, Tavolato B, Giometto B. Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and neurological disorders. Neurol Sci 2002;23:145-151
- Mansoor S, Murphy K. Anti-GAD-associated limbic encephalitis: an unusual clinical manifestation from northwest of Ireland. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg 2020;56:23
- Fredriksen JR, Carr CM, Koeller KK, Verdoorn JT, Gadoth A, Pittock SJ, et al. MRI findings in glutamic acid decarboxylase associated autoimmune epilepsy. Neuroradiology 2018;60:239-245
- Madhavan AA, Carr CM, Morris PP, Flanagan EP, Kotsenas AL, Hunt CH, et al. Imaging review of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020;41:2176-2187
- Le May M, Dent S. Anti-Yo antibody-mediated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with cognitive affective syndrome in a patient with breast cancer: a case report and literature review. Curr Oncol 2018;25:e585-e591
- Shah NS, Pathak J, Shah PC, Bharmal UF, Ansari MI. A rare case of opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome post viral illness. Cureus 2023;15:e40396
- Rossor T, Yeh EA, Khakoo Y, Angelini P, Hemingway C, Irani SR, et al. Diagnosis and management of opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome in children: an international perspective. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2022;9:e1153
- Lino AMM, Spera RR, de Campos FPF, Freitas CHA, Garcia MRT, Lopes LDC, et al. Adult-onset opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome as a manifestation of Brazilian lyme disease-like syndrome: a case report and review of literature. Autops Case Rep 2014;4:29-37
- Hayward K, Jeremy RJ, Jenkins S, Barkovich AJ, Gultekin SH, Kramer J, et al. Long-term neurobehavioral outcomes in children with neuroblastoma and opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome: relationship to MRI findings and anti-neuronal antibodies. J Pediatr 2001;139:552-559