DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Customer and Sales Orientation of Franchising-Based Insurance Agent Format: Their Effects on Customer Trust, Identification, and Intention to Renewal Contract : focused on the social exchange theory

프랜차이즈 기반 보험설계사의 고객지향성과 판매지향성이 고객 신뢰, 일체감, 그리고 재계약의도에 미치는 영향: 사회교환이론을 중심으로

  • Joon-Ho MOON (Graduate school of Business, Sejong University) ;
  • Yong-Ki LEE (School of Business School and Carbon Neutral ESG Institute, Sejong University) ;
  • Soon-Tae LEE (Graduate school of Business, Sejong University)
  • 문준호 ;
  • 이용기 ;
  • 이순태
  • Received : 2024.07.28
  • Accepted : 2024.08.14
  • Published : 2024.09.30

Abstract

Purpose: The insurance market is steadily growing, with General Agencies (GA) experiencing rapid sales increases. GAs need marketing strategies to boost contract renewal intentions by effectively managing customer relationships. This study examines the impact of perceived customer orientation and sales orientation on customer trust, identification, and renewal intentions with GA insurance planners. Research design, data, and methodology: The study surveyed customers who subscribe to insurance products from GA-affiliated insurance planners. Out of 615 respondents, 251 valid responses were analyzed using frequency analysis, measurement models, and structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0. Result: The study revealed that customer orientation positively affects cognitive trust and sense of identification. In contrast, sales orientation did not significantly impact customer trust or identification. Additionally, customer trust positively influences sense of identification, and both trust and identification positively affect the intention to renew the contract. Conclusions: Implementing a customer-oriented marketing strategy is essential for providing tailored customer management services and maintaining or improving the quality of customer relationships for insurance planners. Given that insurance products require long-term management, it is crucial for planners to build trust, enhance customer identification, and offer continuous customer management to meet customers' needs effectively.

Keywords

References

  1. Ailawadi, K. L., Lehmann, D. R., and Neslin, S. A. (2003). Revenue premium as an outcome measure of brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 67(4), 1-17.
  2. Amro, A. M., Ariffin, A. M., & Norsiah, A. H. (2018). The mediating role of trust, attitude and satisfaction on the relationship between social support and social commerce intention among university students in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Current Research, 10(6), 70461-70465.
  3. Ahn, Y.-J., Kim, I.-S., & Hyun, S.-H. (2014). The relationship of a convention center's brand hearsay on a convention center's brand prestige and service quality: A moderating role of attention to social comparison information. Journal of Tourism and Leisure Research, 26(5), 233-248.
  4. Baber, R., Kaurav, R. P. S., & Paul, J. (2020). Impact of individual market orientation on selling and customer orientation. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 28 (4), 288-303.
  5. Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R., & Griffin, M. (1994). Work and/or fun: Measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(4), 644-655.
  6. Bagozzi, R. P., Bergami, M., Marzocchi, G. L., & Morandin, G. (2012). Customer-organization relationships: Development and test of a theory of extended identities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(1), 63-76.
  7. Bateman, C., & Valentine, S. (2015). The impact of salesperson customer orientation on the evaluation of a salesperson's ethical treatment, trust in the salesperson, and intentions to purchase. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 35(2), 125-142.
  8. Beckman, T., & Harris, G. (2007). The apple of Jobs' eye: An historical look at the link between customer orientation and corporate identity. In Proceedings of the Conference on Historical Analysis and Research in Marketing (Vol. 13, pp. 1-12).
  9. Buchori, A., & Harwani, Y. (2021). The effect of service quality and promotion on purchase intention mediated by trust (Case Study: PT China Taiping Insurance Indonesia). European Journal of Business and Management Research, 6(2), 44-47.
  10. Cheng, T. M., C. Wu, H., & Huang, L. M. (2013). The influence of place attachment on the relationship between destination attractiveness and environmentally responsible behavior for island tourism in Penghu, Taiwan. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(8), 1166-1187.
  11. Cho, Y. (2017). The effects of perceived organizational support, cognitive.affective trust on life insurance agents turnover intention. Journal of CEO and Management Studies, 20(4), 175-190.
  12. Choi, N. H., & Rahman, M. M. (2018). Muslim consumer's identification with and loyalty to halal brand. Journal of Distribution Science, 16(8), 29-37.
  13. Darrat, M. A., Amyx, D. A., & Bennett, R. J. (2017). Examining the impact of job embeddedness on salesperson deviance: The moderating role of job satisfaction. Industrial Marketing Management, 63, 158-166.
  14. Doney, P., & Cannon, J. P. (1997). An examination of the nature of trust in buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, 61(4), 35-51.
  15. Dubinsky, A. J., Childers, T. L., Skinner, S. J., & Gencturk, E. (1988). Impact of sales supervisor leadership behavior on insurance agent attitudes and performance. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 55(1), 132-144.
  16. Ellen, P. S., Mohr, L. A., & Webb, D. J. (2000). Charitable programs and the retailer: Do they mix?. Journal of Retailing, 76(3), 393-406.
  17. Emerson, R. W. (2021). Franchisers in a Jam: Vicarious liability and spreading the blame. Journal of Corporate Law, 47, 571.
  18. Financial supervisory service (2024). Sales efficiency and supervision direction of insurance company sales channels in 2023. Retrieved July 19, 2024 from .https://www.fss.or.kr/fss/main/main.do?menuNo=200000
  19. Franke, G. R., and Park, J. E. (2006). Salesperson adaptive selling behavior and customer orientation. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(1), 1-31.
  20. Ghale, R. D., Karimi, F., & Dinani, H. G. (2022). Identifying, prioritizing, and assessing the factors influencing customer loyalty in clients covered by supplemental insurance. Depiction of Health, 13(3), 334-346.
  21. Gilliland, D., & Bello, D. (2002). The two sides to attitudinal commitment: The effect of calculative and loyalty commitment on enforcement mechanisms in distribution channels. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Sciences, 30(1), 24-43.
  22. Goad, E. A., & Jaramillo, F. (2014). The good, the bad and the effective: a meta-analytic examination of selling orientation and customer orientation on sales performance. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 34(4), 285-301.
  23. Guenzi, P., De Luca, L. M., & Troilo, G. (2011). Organizational drivers of salespeople's customer orientation and selling orientation. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 31(3), 269-285.
  24. Guo, X. Y., Guo, Q., & Liu, J. G. (2018). Long-term memory of rating behaviors for the online trust formation. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 508, 254-264.
  25. Habel, J., Kassemeier, R., Alavi, S., Haaf, P., Schmitz, C., & Wieseke, J. (2020). When do customers perceive customer centricity? The role of a firm's and salespeople's customer orientation. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 40(1), 25-42.
  26. Halpenny, E. A. (2010). Pro-environmental behaviours and park visitors: The effect of place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4), 409-421.
  27. Han, S.-H., Lee, Y.-K., & Lee, J.-G. (2018). Effects of organizational justice on emotions, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in franchise industry. Korean Journal of Franchise Management, 9 (2), 7-16.
  28. Homburg, C., Muller, M., & Klarmann, M. (2011). When should the customer really be king? On the optimum level of salesperson customer orientation in sales encounters. Journal of Marketing, 75(2), 55-74.
  29. Harold, C. M., & Holtz, B. C. (2015). The effects of passive leadership on workplace incivility. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), 16-38.
  30. He, X., Zhan, W., & Hu, Y. (2018). Consumer purchase intention of electric vehicles in China: The roles of perception and personality. Journal of Cleaner Production, 204, 1060-1069.
  31. Hunter, G. K., and Perreault Jr, W.D. (2007). Making sales technology effective. Journal of Marketing, 71(1), 16-34.
  32. Hong, S., Bae, J., & Park, H. (2020). The effect of CSR activity on customer's behavioral intention in insurance industry. Journal of Service Research and Studies, 10(1), 33-53.
  33. Jung, Y.-S., Jeong, S.-O. & Byun, C.-B. (2012). A study on the influences of exchange relationships, identities, customer orientation of sales employees on job performance - Focused on social exchange and social identity theory. Korean Journal of Marketing, 27(4), 171-197.
  34. Jung, S. (2021). Factors that non-life insurance companies choose the general agents and their effect on consumer protection. Journal of Korean Insurance Academic Society, (128), 89-112.
  35. Kadic-Maglajlic, S., Micevski, M., Arslanagic-Kalajdzic, M., & Lee, N. (2017). Customer and selling orientations of retail salespeople and the sales manager's ability-to-perceive-emotions: A multi-level approach. Journal of Business Research, 80, 53-62.
  36. Kalra, A., Lee, N. Y., & Dugan, R. (2023). Exploring antecedents and outcomes of salesperson change agility: A social exchange theory perspective. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 32(3), 290-310.
  37. Kim C.-K., Ryoo, J.-Y. & Sung, H.-S. (2002). The effect of brand personality on word-of-mouth and brand loyalty: Applying the theory of social identification. Journal of Consumer Studies, 13(2), 25-43.
  38. Kim D.-H. & Jung S.-C. (2021). A study on the relationship between dependence on general agent and performances of insurance company. Journal of Korean Insurance Academic Society, (127), 43-68.
  39. Kim, E. J., Kim, S. H., & Lee, Y.-K. (2019). The effects of brand hearsay on brand trust and brand attitudes. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(7), 765-784.
  40. Kim, H. R., Han, Y. W., & Cho, H. D. (2017). The effects of franchise firm's reputation on trust and loyalty. The Korean Journal of Franchise Management, 8(2), 37-47.
  41. Kim S.-H. & Eun J.-S. (2016). A study on the role and a expansive subject of insurance general agency. Business Law Review, 30(4), 183-221.
  42. Kim S.-H., Thompson, E. K., & Kim, C.-K. (2021). Insurance transactions through blockchain applications - Current status and implications for the domestic insurance industry -. Crisisonomy, 17(11), 137-156.
  43. Koo, D. W., Lee, S. M., & Kim, I. H. (2015). The Impact of Brand Identification of a Coffee Shop Customer on Involvement, Customer Satisfaction, And Brand loyalty. Korea Customer Satisfaction Management Review, 17(1), 67-87.
  44. Koo, D.-W., Son J.-I., & Lee S.-M. (2018). The effects of foodservice franchisors' ethical leadership on LMX, organizational trust, organizational identification, and recontract intention. Journal of Foodservice Management, 22(3), 27-59.
  45. Kwon, K. J. (2021). The structural relationships between selection attributes, consumer attitude, trust and repurchase intention of franchisee's delivery service. Journal of Franchising, 7(3), 67-86.
  46. Lafferty, B. A., Goldsmith, R. E., & Newell, S. J. (2002). The dual credibility model: The influence of corporate & endorser credibility on attitudes & purchase intentions. Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice, 10(3), 1-11.
  47. La, S. & Yi, Y. (2015). A critical review of customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, relationship marketing, and customer relationship management. Korean Journal of Marketing, 30(1), 53-104.
  48. Legood, A., Werff, L. v. d., Lee, A., Hartog, D. d., & Knippenberg, D. v. (2022). A critical review of the conceptualization, operationalization, and empirical literature on cognition-based and affect-based trust. Journal of Management Studies, 60 (2), 495-537.
  49. Lee, C. M. J., Che-Ha, N., & Alwi, S. F. S. (2021). Service customer orientation and social sustainability: The case of small medium enterprises. Journal of Business Research, 122, 751-760.
  50. Lee, C. J., Lee, S. M., Iyer, R., & Lee, Y.-K. (2023). Do relational benefits influence commitments and loyalty in a noncontract mechanism?. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 35(8), 2012-2028.
  51. Lee, H.-S. & Kang S.-E. (2023). The impact of consumer attitudes toward insurance on service satisfaction and repurchase intentions: Focusing on the mediating effects of insurance company trust and agent competence. Journal of Business Convergence, 8(5), 101-106.
  52. Lee, Y.-K., Kim, S. H., Bae, G. C., Kim, J., & Lee, J. H. (2016). Effects of influential strategies on closeness, relationship quality, and cooperation: Franchisees' perspectives in foodservice industry. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(sup1), 129-154.
  53. Lee, Y.-K., Kim, S. Y., Chung, N., Ahn, K., & Lee, J. W. (2016). When social media met commerce: A model of perceived customer value in group-buying. Journal of Services Marketing, 30(4), 398-410
  54. Lee, Y.-K., Lee, C. K., Lee, W., & Ahmad, M. S. (2021). Do hedonic and utilitarian values increase pro-environmental behavior and support for festivals? Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(8), 921-934.
  55. Lee, Y.-K., Pei, F., Ryu, K. S., & Choi, S. (2019). Why the tripartite relationship of place attachment, loyalty, and pro-environmental behavior matter. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(3), 250-267.
  56. Lee, Y.-K., Yoo, D.-K., & Jeong, Y.-K. (2008). The determinants of relationship commitment: Relational benefits, core quality, and relationship satisfaction. Academy of Customer Satisfaction Management, 10, 51-69.
  57. Lee, H.-S. & Kang, S.-E. (2023). The impact of consumer attitudes toward insurance on service satisfaction and repurchase intentions: Focusing on the mediating effects of insurance company trust and agent competence. Journal of Business Convergence, 8(5), 101-106.
  58. Locander, D. A., Darrat, M. A., & Babin, B. J. (2023). Examining the impact of salesperson orientation on creative selling, passive deviance, and organizational outcomes. Journal of Business Research, 154, 113391.
  59. Lopez, T. B., Carr, J., Gregory, B. T., & Dwyer, S. (2005). The influence of psychological climate on the salesperson customer orientation-salesperson performance relationship. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 13(2), 59-71.
  60. Marticotte, F., & Arcand, M. (2017). Schadenfreude, attitude and the purchase intentions of a counterfeit luxury brand. Journal of Business Research, 77, 175-183.
  61. Min B.-S., Park W.-J. & Bae B.-Y. (2019). A study on the relationship among brand authenticity, brand identification, educational satisfaction, brand trust, recommendation and re-contract intention in the pharmacy franchisee. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 14(4), 143-160.
  62. Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment- trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20-38.
  63. Momeni, K., Amani, R., Janjani, P., Majzoobi, M. R., Forstmeier, S., & Nosrati, P. (2022). Attachment styles and happiness in the elderly: The mediating role of reminiscence styles. BMC Geriatrics, 22(1), 349. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03053-z
  64. Noble, C. H., Sinha, R. K., & Kumar, A. (2002). Market orientation and alternative strategic orientations: A longitudinal assessment of performance implications. Journal of Marketing, 66(4), 25-39.
  65. Oh, H.-Y. & Park, J.-C. (2015). Can trust always affect to consumers' loyalty? - With moderating effects of socially responsible consumption attitude. Journal of Consumer Policy Studies, 46(2), 107-132.
  66. Oh S.-h. & Hwang, S.-J. (2022). The effect of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty on insurance company performance: Focusing on FC moderating effect. Journal of Finance and Accounting Information, 22(3), 47-68.
  67. Oliver, R. L. (1993). Cognitive, affective and attribute base of the satisfaction response. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(1), 418-430.
  68. Oliver, R. L. (2014). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge.
  69. Olson, E. M., Olson, K. M., Czaplewski, A. J., & Key, T. M. (2021). Business strategy and the management of digital marketing. Business Horizons, 64(2), 285-293.
  70. Rahmani, S., & Heydari, M. (2017). Investigating of trust and perceived organizational support effects on organizational commitment in educational organizations, using structural equation modeling and partial least squares model. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(2), 384-389.
  71. Ren, Y. (2020). A new measure of insurer franchise value. Journal of Insurance Issues, 43(1), 1-21.
  72. Ryu S.-K., & Son S.-D. (2022). The study on sustainable development strategy of the insurance agency: Focusing on the case of Japan. Journal of Venture Innovation, 5(3), 19-40, 10.22788/5.3.2
  73. Saxe, R., & Barton, A. W. (1982). The SOCO scale: A measure of the customer orientation of salespeople. Journal of Marketing Research, 19(3), 343-351.
  74. Schoenherr, T., Narayanan, S., & Narasimhan, R. (2015). Trust formation in outsourcing relationships: A social exchange theoretic perspective. International Journal of Production Economics, 169, 401-412.
  75. Seo J.-W. & Ko E.-H. (2022). Investment of insurers on general agencies: Legal issues review. Journal of Korean Insurance Academic Society, 16(2), 299-343.
  76. Shin, K. S., Amenuvor, F. E., Boateng, H., & Basilisco, R. (2021). Formal salesforce control mechanisms and behavioral outcomes. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 39(7), 924-943
  77. Singh, R., & Koshy, A. (2012). A new conceptualization of salesperson's customer orientation: Propositions and implications. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 30(1), 69-82.
  78. Singh, R., & Venugopal, P. (2015). The impact of salesperson customer orientation on sales performance via mediating mechanism. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 30(5), 594-607.
  79. Stylidis, D. (2020). Using destination image and place attachment to explore support for tourism development: The case of tourism versus non-tourism employees in EILAT. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 44(6), 951-973
  80. Wang, C., Sinha, P. N., Zhang, X., Wang, S., & Lee, Y.-K. (2024). The impact of NEV users' perceived benefits on purchase intention. Travel Behaviour and Society, 34, 100681.
  81. Wang, C., Yang, J. J., Zhang, X., & Lee, Y.-K. (2024). Does value orientation predict buying intention of new energy vehicles?. Transport Policy, 153, 68-75.
  82. Williams, D. R., & Vaske, J. J. (2003). The measurement of place attachment: Validity and generalizability of a psychometric approach. Forest Science, 49(6), 830-840.
  83. Wu, L., Chuang, C. H., & Hsu, C. H. (2014). Information sharing and collaborative behaviors in enabling supply chain performance: A social exchange perspective. International Journal of Production Economics, 148, 122-132.
  84. Yean, T. F., & Yahya, K. K. (2013). The influence of human resource management practices and career strategy on career satisfaction of insurance agents. International Journal of Business and Society, 14(2), 193-206.
  85. Yang, J., Mossholder, K. W., & Peng, T. K. (2009). Supervisory procedural justice effects: The mediating roles of cognitive and affective trust. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(2), 143-154.
  86. Yeo C.-K., Cho Y.-J., & Lee, H.-T. (2017). The effect of sales people's organizational identification on customer-oriented selling and performance: Focused on moderating effect of employment status. Journal of Marketing Studies, 25(1), 111-129.
  87. Yoo, Y.-W. & Cheo, H.-S. (2023). The effect of employee service typology, employee-customer identification and engagement on customer orientation. Productivity Review, 37(4), 67-98.