References
- Pourghaffari Lahiji A, Gohari M, Mirzaei S, Nasiriani K. The effect of implementation of evidence-based eye care protocol for patients in the intensive care units on superficial eye disorders. BMC Ophthalmology. 2021;21(1):275. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-021-02034-x
- Grixti A, Sadri M, Edgar J, Datta AV. Common ocular surface disorders in patients in intensive care units. The Ocular Surface. 2012;10(1):26-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2011.10.001
- McHugh J, Alexander P, Kalhoro A, Ionides A. Screening for ocular surface disease in the intensive care unit. Eye. 2008; 22(12):1465-1468. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6702930
- Song KY, Chung SK, Yang JH, Choi DW, Kim YH, Kim SS, et al. Fundamentals of nursing. Rev. ed. Soomoonsa; 2021. p. 487.
- Hearne BJ, Hearne EG, Montgomery H, Lightman SL. Eye care in the intensive care unit. Journal of the Intensive Care Society. 2018;19(4):345-350. https://doi.org/10.1177/1751143718764529
- Kuruvilla S, Peter J, David S, Premkumar PS, Ramakrishna K, Thomas L, et al. Incidence and risk factor evaluation of exposure keratopathy in critically ill patients: A cohort study. Journal of Critical Care. 2015;30(2):400-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.10.009
- Alansari MA, Hijazi MH, Maghrabi KA. Making a difference in eye care of the critically ill patients. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine. 2015;30(6):311-317. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066613510674
- Fernandes APNL, Araujo JNM, Botarelli FR, Pitombeira DO, Ferreira Junior MA, Vitor AF. Dry eye syndrome in intensive care units: A concept analysis. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2018;71(3):1162-1169. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0582
- Herdman TH, Kamitsuru S. Nursing diagnoses: Definitions and classification 2018-2020. 11th ed. Thieme Medical Publishers; 2018. p. 392.
- Werli-Alvarenga A, Ercole FF, Herdman TH, Chianca TC. Nursing interventions for adult intensive care patients with risk for corneal injury: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Knowledge. 2013;24(1):25-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-3095.2012.01218.x
- Soares RPDS, Fernandes APNL, Botarelli FR, Araujo JNM, Olimpio JA, Vitor AF. Clinical indicators of dry eye severity nursing outcome in intensive care unit. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. 2019;27:e3201. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.2983.3201
- Araujo JNM, Botarelli FR, Fernandes APNL, Oliveira-Kumakura ARS, Ferreira Junior MA, Vitor AF. Predictive clinical factors for ocular dryness in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP. 2019;53:e03493. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2018036603493
- Oncul H, Yektas A. Eye problems, eye care and ocular awareness in stage 3 intensive care unit. Turkish Journal of Intensive Care. 2020;18(2):70-77. https://doi.org/10.4274/tybd.galenos.2019.13471
- Fashafsheh IHD, Morsy WYM, Ismaeel MS, Alkaiasi AAE. Impact of a designed eye care protocol on nurses knowledge, practices and on eye health status of unconscious mechanically ventilated patients at North Palestine hospitals. Journal of Education and Practice. 2013;4(28):107-120.
- Kousha O, Kousha Z, Paddle J. Exposure keratopathy: Incidence, risk factors and impact of protocolised care on exposure keratopathy in critically ill adults. Journal of Critical Care. 2018;44:413-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.11.031
- Demirel S, Cumurcu T, Firat P, Aydogan MS, Doganay S. Effective management of exposure keratopathy developed in intensive care units: The impact of an evidence based eye care education programme. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 2014;30(1):38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2013.08.001
- Mobarez F, Sayadi N, Jahani S, Sharhani A, Savaie M, Farrahi F. The effect of eye care protocol on the prevention of ocular surface disorders in patients admitted to intensive care unit. Journal of Medicine and Life. 2022;15(8):1000-1004. https://doi.org/10.25122/jml-2022-0139
- de Franca CF, Fernandes AP, Carvalho DP, de Mesquita Xavier SS, Junior MA, Botarelli FR, et al. Evidence of interventions for the risk of dry eye in critically ill patients: An integrative review. Applied Nursing Research. 2016;29:e14-e17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2015.05.016
- Rosenberg JB, Eisen LA. Eye care in the intensive care unit: Narrative review and meta-analysis. Critical Care Medicine. 2008;36(12):3151-3155. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e31818f0ee7
- Ahmadinejad M, Karbasi E, Jahani Y, Ahmadipour M, Soltaninejad M, Karzari Z. Efficacy of simple eye ointment, polyethylene cover, and eyelid taping in prevention of ocular surface disorders in critically ill patients: A randomized clinical trial. Critical Care Research and Practice. 2020:6267432. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6267432
- Davoodabady Z, Rezaei K, Rezaei R. The impact of normal saline on the incidence of exposure keratopathy in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2018;23(1):57-60. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_187_16
- Kalhori RP, Ehsani S, Daneshgar F, Ashtarian H, Rezaei M. Different nursing care methods for prevention of keratopathy among intensive care unit patients. Global Journal of Health Science. 2015;8(7):212-217. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n7p212
- Kocacal E, Eser I, Egrilmez S. Effect of polyethylene cover on the treatment of exposure keratopathy in ICU. Nursing in Critical Care. 2021;26(4):282-287. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12542
- Nikseresht T, Rezaei M, Khatony A. The effect of three eye care methods on the severity of lagophthalmos in intensive care patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2021:6348987. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6348987
- Oh EG, Chu SH, Ko IS, Lee WH, Yoo JS, Kim SS, et al. Knowledge, perception & practice of eye care nursing among nurses in intensive care units. Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing. 2007;14(4):437-445.
- Yoo JS, Lee WH, Kim SS, Ko IS, Oh EG, Chu SH, et al. Development of an eye care protocol for ICU patients. Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing. 2008;15(1): 34-44.
- Suresh P, Mercieca F, Morton A, Tullo AB. Eye care for the critically ill. Intensive Care Medicine. 2000;26(2):162-166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001340050040
- Kojima T, Matsumoto Y, Ibrahim OM, Wakamatsu TH, Uchino M, Fukagawa K, et al. Effect of controlled adverse chamber environment exposure on tear functions in silicon hydrogel and hydrogel soft contact lens wearers. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 2011;52(12):8811-8817. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.10-6841
- Dogru M, Ishida K, Matsumoto Y, Goto E, Ishioka M, Kojima T, et al. Strip meniscometry: A new and simple method of tear meniscus evaluation. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 2006;47(5):1895-1901. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.05-0802
- Jarvis C. Physical examination & health assessment. 8th ed. Hakjisa Medical; 2020. p. 197.
- Stevens S. Cleaning and dressing the eye after surgery. Community Eye Health. 2016;29(94):36.
- Gudgel DT. How to put in eye drops [Internet]. American Academy of Ophthalmology; c2023 [cited 2024 Jan 17]. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/ how-to-put-in-eye-drops.
- Horng CT, Chou HL, Tsai KL, Hsiao HY, Lin SY, Huang SF, et al. The observation for ocular surface diseases in respiratory care center in one regional teaching hospital in Southern Taiwan. Life Science Journal. 2014;11(6):672-679. https://doi.org/10.7537/marslsj110614.102
- Werli-Alvarenga A, Ercole FF, Botoni FA, Oliveira JA, Chianca TC. Corneal injuries: Incidence and risk factors in the intensive care unit. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. 2011;19(5):1088-1095. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692011000500005
- Masoudi Alavi N, Sharifitabar Z, Shaeri M, Adib Hajbaghery M. An audit of eye dryness and corneal abrasion in ICU patients in Iran. Nursing in Critical Care. 2014;19(2):73-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12052
- Kim EC. Diagnosis and treatment of dry eye syndrome. Journal of the Korean Medical Association. 2018;61(6):352-364. https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2018.61.6.352
- The definition and classification of dry eye disease: Report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). The Ocular Surface. 2007;5(2):75-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70081-2
- Pine KR, Sloan B, Stewart J, Jacobs RJ. The response of the anophthalmic socket to prosthetic eye wear. Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 2013;96(4):388-393. https://doi.org/10.1111/cxo.12004
- Singh RB, Liu L, Anchouche S, Yung A, Mittal SK, Blanco T, et al. Ocular redness - I: Etiology, pathogenesis, and assessment of conjunctival hyperemia. The Ocular Surface. 2021; 21:134-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2021.05.003
- Sivasankar S, Jasper S, Simon S, Jacob P, John G, Raju R. Eye care in ICU. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 2006;10(1):11-14. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-5229.24683
- Narmawala W, Jani HC. Exposure keratopathy: Prophylaxis and impact of eye care education programme in ICU patients. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2017;11(10):NC06-NC09. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/25906.10717
- Huh Y, Yoo J. Fluid management of trauma patients. Journal of the Korean Fracture Society. 2023;36(2):69-76. https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2023.36.2.69
- Sethuraman U, Kamat D. The red eye: Evaluation and management. Clinical Pediatrics. 2009;48(6):588-600. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922809333094
- Oh EG, Lee WH, Yoo JS, Kim SS, Ko IS, Chu SH, et al. Factors related to incidence of eye disorders in Korean patients at intensive care units. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2009;18(1):29-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02388.x