Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy (한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집)

Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy (한국지열·수열에너지학회)
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Numerical Study on using Immersion Cooling for Thermal Management of ESS (Energy Storage System)

ESS(Energy Storage System) 열관리를 위한 액침 냉각 활용에 대한 수치해석 연구

  • Jeonggyun Ham (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University) ;
  • Nayoung You (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University) ;
  • Myeongjae Shin (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University) ;
  • Honghyun Cho (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University)
  • 함정균 (조선대학교 기계공학과) ;
  • 유나영 (조선대학교 기계공학과) ;
  • 신명재 (조선대학교 기계공학과) ;
  • 조홍현 (조선대학교 기계공학과)
  • Received : 2024.05.10
  • Accepted : 2024.05.30
  • Published : 2024.06.01
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Abstract

The introduction of the sector coupling concept has expanded the scope of ESS utilization, resulting in the importance of thermal management of ESS. To ensure the safe use of the lithium-ion batteries that are used in ESS, it is important to use the batteries at the optimal temperature. To examine the utilization of liquid cooling in ESS, numerical study was conducted on the thermal characteristics of 21700 battery modules (16S2P array) during liquid cooling using Novec-649 as insulating fluid. The NTGK model, an MSMD model in ANSYS fluent, was used to investigate thermal characteristics on the battery modules with liquid immersion cooling. The results show that the final temperature of the battery module discharged at 5 C-rate is 68.9℃ using natural convection and 48.3℃ using liquid cooling. However, the temperature difference among cells in the battery module was up to 0.5℃ when using natural convection cooling and 5.8℃ when using liquid cooling, respectively, indicating that the temperature difference among cells was significantly increased when liquid cooling was used. As the mass flow rate increased from 0.01 kg/s to 0.05 kg/s, the average temperature of the battery module decreased from 48.3℃ to 38.4℃, confirming that increasing the mass flow rate of the insulating fluid improves the performance of liquid immersion cooling. Although partial liquid immersion cooling has a high cooling performance compared to natural convection cooling, the temperature difference between modules was up to 8.9℃, indicating that the thermal stress of the battery cells increased.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 과제(결과물)는 2024년도 교육부의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 지자체-대학 협력기반 지역혁신 사업의 결과입니다(과제관리번호: 2021RIS-002).

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