Journal of Korea Port Economic Association (한국항만경제학회지)

The Korea Port Economic Association (한국항만경제학회)
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Evaluation of the operational efficiency of major coastal ports in China based on the PCA-DEA model

PCA-DEA 모델을 기반으로 한 중국 주요연안 항만의 운영 효율성 평가

  • Haiqing Zhang ;
  • Hyangsook Lee
  • 장해청 (인천대학교 동북아물류대학원) ;
  • 이향숙 (인천대학교 동북아물류대학원)
  • Received : 2024.03.05
  • Accepted : 2024.03.31
  • Published : 2024.03.31
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Abstract

Coastal ports play an essential role in developing a country and a city. Port efficiency is an important factor affecting port trade, and the importance of port efficiency for port performance has been recognized in previous literature. DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) and SFA (Stochastic Frontier Analysis) are widely used in this field of research. However, these two methods are limited in selecting input and output variables. In addition, the literature studies on Chinese coastal ports mainly focus on the study of port clusters in local areas, which lacks a holistic approach and generally lacks up-to-date data. Therefore, to fill the gap in this area of research, this paper introduces a model combining principal component analysis and data envelopment analysis to analyze the operational efficiency of the top 17 coastal ports in China in terms of throughput based on the most recent data available in 2021. This paper identifies container throughput as the output variable, and 13 second indicators are selected as input variables from four primary indicators: land, capital, labor, and infrastructure. Four principal components were selected from 13 second indicators using PCA.After that, DEA (BBC) and DEA (CCR) were used to analyze the 17 ports, among which five were Shanghai, Ningbo-Zhoushan, Guangzhou, Xiamen, and Dongguan, respectively, DEA efficient, and the remaining 12 ports were non-DEA efficient. Finally, improvement directions for each port are derived, and brief suggestions are made. This paper provides some reference value for developing and constructing coastal ports in China.

국내 운송을 담당하는 연안항들은 국가와 도시의 발전에 필수적인 역할을 하고 있다. 항만 효율성은 항만 경쟁력을 확보하기 위한 중요한 요소로, 이에 대한 연구는 기존 문헌에서 지속적으로 진행되었다. 중국의 경우 주로 지방의 항만 클러스터에 대한 연구에 초점을 맞추고 있는데, 미시적 관점에서만 접근하고 있으며, 최신 자료도 부재한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최신 자료를 활용하여 중국 상위 17개 연안항의 운영 효율성을 종합적으로 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 컨테이너 처리량을 산출변수로 선정하고, 크게 토지, 자본, 노동, 인프라에 속하는 13개 지표로부터 PCA(Principal Component Analysis) 분석을 통해 4개의 투입변수를 최종 선정하였다.그런 다음 17개 항구의 운영 효율성을 DEA (데이터 포위 분석)로 분석했습니다. 분석 결과, 상하이, 닝보-저우산, 광저우, 샤먼, 둥관의 5개 항만이 효율적인 반면, 나머지 12개의 항만은 상대적으로 비효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 중국의 연안항을 보다 거시적 관점에서 비교·분석한 것으로 이를 통해 상대적 비교가 가능하며, 향후 항만의 발전 전략 및 정책 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the 4th Educational Training Program for the Shipping, Port and Logistics from the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries.

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