Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea

National Institute of Ecology (국립생태원)
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Planning Non-Invasive Conservation Genetic Experiments Based on Factors Affecting DNA Amplification Using Fecal Samples of Korean Long-Tailed Goral (Naemorhedus caudatus)

  • Received : 2024.07.10
  • Accepted : 2024.07.23
  • Published : 2024.08.01
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Abstract

In this review, we compared the success rates of DNA amplification and introduced the efficient non-invasive sampling of fecal samples collected from captive and wild Korean long-tailed gorals (Naemorhedus caudatus) by referring to previous non-invasive studies, including three important references (Kim et al., 2008; Kim, 2021; Kim, 2022). A large difference in PCR success rates in the captive and wild populations was observed for mitochondrial (100 and 70.0%), sex-linked (44.4 and 20.8%), and microsatellite markers (73.9 and 34.8%, respectively). Out of the three types of genetic markers, the mitochondrial maker showed the highest success rate, followed by microsatellite and sex-linked markers. In addition, we estimated two factors that affected the PCR success, including the length of the amplified fragments (long, medium, and short) and the type of primer (universal and specific) in fecal samples from a captive population. The length of the PCR fragment was inversely proportional to the PCR success (5.3, 44.4, and 55.6% for long, medium, and short fragments, respectively), and the specific primer set (100%) was more efficient than the universal primer set (60.0%). This review is fundamental but would be greatly helpful for new non-invasive conservation genetic studies, particularly those that use fecal samples from captive and wild populations of rare endangered species. We recommend beginning conservation genetic experiments using mitochondrial markers and then nuclear markers, such as microsatellite and sex-linked markers, to save time, costs, and labor.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Ecology, funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (No. NIE-B-2024-18). It was also partially supported by the Research Institute for Veterinary Science and the Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University. We thank Professor H. Lee and Professor Y. J. Won for helping with conducting previous Korean goral studies and Dr. H. J. Bae for giving comments for this review paper.

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