Journal of Veterinary Science

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
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Epidemiological, and molecular investigation of Canine parvovirus-2 infection in Egypt

  • Eman Farag Ammar (Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University) ;
  • Yamen Mohammed Hegazy (Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University) ;
  • Magdy Al-gaabary (Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University) ;
  • Samah M. Mosad (Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University) ;
  • Mohamed Salem (Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University) ;
  • Mohamed Marzok (Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University) ;
  • Fadhel Housawi (Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University) ;
  • Mohamed Al-ali (Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University) ;
  • Abdulrahman Alhaider (Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University) ;
  • Amin Tahoun (Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University)
  • Received : 2023.10.29
  • Accepted : 2024.05.10
  • Published : 2024.07.31
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Abstract

Importance: Canine parvovirus enteritis (CPE) is a contagious viral disease of dogs caused by the canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. CPV-2 has a high global evolutionary rate. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 and understanding its epidemiology are essential for controlling CPV-2 infections. Objective: This study examined the risk factors and survival outcomes of dogs infected with CPV-2. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 genotypes circulating in Egypt was performed to determine the evolution of CPV-2 nationally and globally. Methods: An age-matched case-control study was conducted on 47 control and 47 CPV-infected dogs. Conditional logistic regression analysis examined the association between the potential risk factors and CPE in dogs. Survival analysis was performed to determine the survival pattern of the infected dogs. Thirteen fecal samples from infected dogs were collected to confirm the CPV genotype by CPV-2 VP2 gene sequencing, assembly of nucleotide sequences, and phylogenic analysis. Results: Unvaccinated and roamer dogs had eight and 2.3 times higher risks of CPV infection than vaccinated dogs and non-roamer dogs, respectively. The risk of death from CPE was high among dogs without routine visits to veterinary clinics and among non-roamer dogs. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 confirmed its genotype identity and relationship with the CPV-2 c and b clade types. Conclusions and Relevance: This study highlights the potential factors for CPE control, especially vaccination and preventing dogs from roaming freely outside houses. Isolated CPV genotypes are closely related to southern Asian genotypes, suggesting a substantial opportunity for global transmission.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to acknowledge the Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.

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