Geomechanics and Engineering

  • 제38권2호
  • /
  • Pages.139-155
  • /
  • 2024
  • /
  • 2005-307X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-6219(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Lateral load sharing and response of piled raft foundation in cohesionless medium: An experimental approach

  • 투고 : 2022.04.16
  • 심사 : 2024.07.05
  • 발행 : 2024.07.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The piled raft foundations are subjected to lateral loading under the action of wind and earthquake loads. Their bearing behavior and flexural responses under these loadings are of prime concern for researchers and practitioners. The insufficient experimental studies on piled rafts subjected to lateral loading lead to a limited understanding of this foundation system. Lateral load sharing between pile and raft in a laterally loaded piled raft is scarce in literature. In the present study, lateral load-displacement, load sharing, bending moment distribution, and raft inclinations of the piled raft foundations have been discussed through an instrumented scaled down model test in 1 g condition. The contribution of raft in a laterally loaded piled raft has been evaluated from the responses of pile group and piled raft foundations attributing a variety of influential system parameters such as pile spacing, slenderness ratio, group area ratio, and raft embedment. The study shows that the raft contributes 28-49% to the overall lateral capacity of the piled raft foundation. The results show that the front pile experiences 20-66% higher bending moments in comparison to the back pile under different conditions in the pile group and piled raft. The piles in the piled raft exhibit lower bending moments in the range of 45-50% as compared to piles in the pile group. The raft inclination in the piled raft is 30-70% less as compared to the pile group foundation. The lateral load-displacement and bending moment distribution in piles of the single pile, pile group, and piled raft has been presented to compare their bearing behavior and flexural responses subjected to lateral loading conditions. This study provides substantial technical aid for the understanding of piled rafts in onshore and offshore structures to withstand lateral loadings, such as those induced by wind and earthquake loads.

키워드

과제정보

The authors are thankful to the Director of CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, for providing the environment, encouragement, support, and facilities to complete this study.

참고문헌

  1. Amornfa, K., Quang, H.T. and Tuan, T.V. (2022), "3D numerical analysis of piled raft foundation for Ho Chi Minh City subsoil conditions", Geomech. Eng., 29(2), 183-192. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2022.29.2.183.
  2. Boominathan, A. and Ayothiraman, R. (2007), "An experimental study on static and dynamic bending behaviour of piles in soft clay", Geotech. Geol. Eng., 25, 177-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-006-9102-7
  3. Broms, B.B. (1964), "Lateral resistance of piles in cohesionless soils", J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 90(3), 123-156. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSFEAQ.0000614.
  4. Charles, J.A. and Skinner, H.D. (2004), "Settlement and tilt of low-rise buildings", Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng.: Geotech. Eng., 157(2), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1680/geng.2004.157.2.65.
  5. Chen, S.L. and Chen, L.Z. (2008), "Note on the interaction factor for two laterally loaded piles", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 134(11), 1685-1690. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:11(1685).
  6. Fattah, M.Y., Al-Mosawi, M.J. and Al-Zayadi, A.A.O. (2013), "Time dependent behavior of piled raft foundation in clayey soil", Geomech. Eng., 5(1), 17-36. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2013.5.1.017.
  7. Fukumura, K., Matsumoto, T., Ohno, A. and Hashizume, Y. (2003), "Experimental study on behavior of piled raft foundations in sand using shaking table at 1g gravitational field", Proceedings of the BGA International Conference on Foundations: Innovations, Observations, Design and Practice, 307-320. https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/fiodap.32446.0029.
  8. Ghiasi, V. and Moradi, M. (2018), "Assessment the effect of pile intervals on settlement and bending moment raft analysis of piled raft foundations", Geomech. Eng., 16(2), 187-194. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.16.2.187
  9. Gupta, B.K. and Basu, D. (2017), "Analysis of laterally loaded short and long piles in multilayered heterogeneous elastic soil", Soils Found., 57(1), 92-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2017.01.007.
  10. Hamada, J. (2015), "Bending moment of piles on piled raft foundation subjected to ground deformation during earthquake in centrifuge model test", Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication, 2(34), 1222-1227. https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.JPN-119.
  11. Hamada, J., Tsuchiya, T., Tanikawa, T. and Yamashita, K. (2015), "Lateral loading tests on piled rafts and simplified method to evaluate sectional forces of piles", Geotech. Eng. J. SEAGS & AGSSEA, 46 (2), 29-42.
  12. Horikoshi, K., Matsumoto, T., Hashizume, Y., Watanabe, T. and Fukuyama, H. (2003), "Performance of piled raft foundations subjected to static horizontal loads", Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech., 3(2), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.1680/ijpmg.2003.030204.
  13. IS 2911 (2010), Design and construction of pile foundations - Code of practice. Part 1 (Section 2). Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi
  14. Jamil, I., Ahmad, I., Rehman, A.U., Siddiqi, M.I., Ahmed, A. and Khan, A.M. (2023), "Piles' load distribution in pile raft and pile group under lateral loading", Mar. Georesour. Geotech., 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2023.2246967.
  15. Katzenbach, R., Arslan, U. and Moormann, C. (2000), "Piled raft foundation projects in Germany", Design Application of Raft Foundation, Thomas Telford Publishing, London, UK, 323-391. https://doi.org/10.1680/daorf.27657.0013.
  16. Katzenbach, R. and Turek, J. (2005), "Combined pile-raft foundation subjected to lateral loads", Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Osaka, Japan. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-656-9-2001
  17. Lee, C.J. and Chiang, K.H. (2007), "Responses of single piles to tunneling-induced soil movements in sandy ground", Can. Geotech. J., 44 (10), 1224-1241. https://doi.org/10.1139/T07-050.
  18. Malviya, D.K., Ansari, A. and Samanta, M. (2023), "Settlement and load sharing behavior of piled raft foundation: A review", Innov. Infrastruct. Solut., 8(11), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-023-01272-w.
  19. Malviya, D.K. and Samanta, M. (2024a), "Evaluation of nonlinear load sharing ratio of pile and raft in piled raft foundation in cohesionless soil", Lect. Notes Civil Eng., 477, 2, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1741-5_15.
  20. Malviya, D.K. and Samanta, M. (2024b), "Performance of unequal piled raft under vertical loading in cohesion less medium", Proceedings of the GeoShanghai International Conference 2024, 7: Ground Improvement and Foundation, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1336/1/012036.
  21. Matsumoto, T. (2013), "Implications for design of piled raft foundations subjected to lateral loading", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Advances in Foundation Engineering, Singapore, 113-136. https://doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-4623-0_KN-08.
  22. Matsumoto, T., Fukumura, K., Pastsakorn, K., Horikoshi, K. and Oki, A. (2004), "Experimental and analytical study on behaviour of model piled rafts in sand subjected to horizontal and moment loading", Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech., 4(3), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1680/ijpmg.2004.040301.
  23. Matsumoto, T., Nemoto, H., Mikami, H., Yaegashi, K., Arai, T. and Kitiyodom, P. (2010), "Load tests of piled raft models with different pile head connection conditions and their analyses", Soils Found., 50 (1), 63-81. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.50.63.
  24. Mokwa, R.L. and Duncan, J.M. (2003), "Rotational restraint of pile caps during lateral loading", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(9), 829-837. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:9(829).
  25. Nasr, A.M.A. (2014), "Experimental and theoretical studies of laterally loaded finned piles in sand", Can. Geotech. J., 51(4), 381-393. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0012.
  26. Nicola, A.D. and Randolph, M.F. (1997), "The plugging behaviour of driven and jacked piles in sand", Geotechnique, 47(4), 841-856. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1997.47.4.841
  27. Ovesen, N.K. (1979), "The scaling law relationship-panel discussion", Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 4, 319-323, Brighton, UK.
  28. Pastsakorn, K., Hashizume, Y. and Matsumoto, T. (2002), "Lateral load tests on model pile groups and piled raft foundations in sand", Phys. Modell. Geotech., 1 st Ed., 709-714.
  29. Patra, N.R. and Pise, P.J. (2001), "Ultimate lateral resistance of pile group in sands", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 127(6), 481-487. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:6(481).
  30. Prasad, V.S.N.Y. and Chari, T.R. (1999), "Lateral capacity of model rigid piles in cohesionless soils", Soils Found., 39(2), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.39.2_21.
  31. Rollins, K.M., Olsen, R.J., Egbert, J.J., Jensen, D.H., Olsen, K.G. and Garrett, B.H. (2006), "Pile spacing effects on lateral pile group behavior: load tests", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(10), 1262-1271. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:10(1262)
  32. Rollins, K.M. and Stenlund, T.E. (2010), "Laterally loaded pile cap connections", Report No. UT-10.16, Utah Department of Transportation Research Division. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/18449.
  33. Sawada, K. and Takemura, J. (2014), "Centrifuge model tests on piled raft foundation in sand subjected to lateral and moment loads", Soils Found., 54(2), 126-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.02.005.
  34. Shi, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, L. and Fu, Z. (2018), "Response of a laterally loaded pile group due to cyclic loading in clay", Geomech. Eng., 16(5), 463-469. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.16.5.463.
  35. Stacul, S., Squeglia, N. and Russo, G. (2020), "PRaFULL: A method for the analysis of piled raft foundation under lateral load", Geomech. Eng., 20(5), 433-445. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.5.433.
  36. Swasdi, S., Chub-Uppakarn, T., Chompoorat, T. and Sae-Long, W. (2024), "Numerical study on the influence of embedment footing and vertical load on lateral load sharing in piled raft foundations", Geomech. Eng., 36(6), 545-561. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2024.36.6.545.
  37. Tarenia, K. and Patra, N.R. (2022), "Long-term effect of vertical and lateral loads on piled raft foundations: a case study", Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng.: Geotech. Eng., 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.22.00030.
  38. Teramoto, S. and Kimura, M. (2016), "Investigation of pile group effect subjected to influence of pile arrangement and pile stiffness", Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication, 2(38), 1362-1367. http://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.JPN-138.
  39. Tomlinson, M. and Woodward, J. (2007), "Pile design and construction practice", 5th Ed., Taylor and Francis Group.
  40. Vu, A.T., Matsumoto, T., Kobayashi, S.I. and Nguyen, T.L. (2018), "Model load tests on battered pile foundations and finite-element analysis", Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech., 18(1), 33-54. https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.16.00010.
  41. Wang, B., Cui, H., Li, Y., Dai, Y. and Zhang, N. (2023), "Three-dimensional numerical parametric study of deformation mechanisms of grouped piled raft foundation due to horizontal loading", Geomech. Eng., 35(6), 617-626. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2023.35.6.617.
  42. Wood, D.M., Crewe, A. and Taylor, C. (2002), "Shaking table testing of geotechnical models", Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech., 2(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1680/ijpmg.2002.020101.
  43. Yamashita, K., Yamada, T. and Hamada, J. (2011), "Investigation of settlement and load sharing on piled rafts by monitoring full scale structures", Soils Found., 51(3), 513-532. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.51.513.
  44. Zhang, L., McVay, M.C. and Lai, P. (1999), "Numerical analysis of laterally loaded 3 x 3 to 7 x 3 pile groups in sand", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 125(11), 936-946. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:11(936).
  45. Zhu, L.J., Cheng, Y.M. and Yang, D.B. (2012), "The analysis of instrumented piles under lateral load", Geomech. Geoeng., 7(1), 27-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17486025.2011.631035.