Computers and Concrete

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A novel framework for the construction of cryptographically secure S-boxes

  • Razi Arshad (Department of Computing, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology) ;
  • Mudassir Jalil (Department of Mathematics, Comsats University Islamabad) ;
  • Muzamal Hussain (Department of Mathematics, University of Sahiwal) ;
  • Abdelouahed Tounsi (YFL (Yonsei Frontier Lab), Yonsei University)
  • Received : 2022.11.06
  • Accepted : 2023.12.21
  • Published : 2024.07.25
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Abstract

In symmetric cryptography, a cryptographically secure Substitution-Box (S-Box) is a key component of a block cipher. S-Box adds a confusion layer in block ciphers that provide resistance against well-known attacks. The generation of a cryptographically secure S-Box depends upon its generation mechanism. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for the construction of cryptographically secure S-Boxes. This framework uses a combination of linear fractional transformation and permutation functions. S-Boxes security is analyzed against well-known security criteria that include nonlinearity, bijectiveness, strict avalanche and bits independence criteria, linear and differential approximation probability. The S-Boxes can be used in the encryption of any grayscale digital images. The encrypted images are analyzed against well-known image analysis criteria that include pixel changing rates, correlation, entropy, and average change of intensity. The analysis of the encrypted image shows that our image encryption scheme is secure.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number (IF2/PSAU/2022/01/21994).

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