Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Hydroethanolic Extract from Ehretia asperula on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages

  • Bao Le (Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University) ;
  • Vo Thi Kim Hong (Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University) ;
  • Seung Hwan Yang (Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2024.03.06
  • Accepted : 2024.04.05
  • Published : 2024.06.28
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Abstract

Ehretia asperula is a medicinal plant of the Ehretiaceae family used to treat inflammatory disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. The anti-inflammatory potential was determined based on enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition, which showed that the 95% ethanol extract (95ECH) was most effective with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 34.09 ㎍/mL. The effects of 95ECH on phagocytosis, NO production, gene, and protein expression of the cyclooxygenase 2/prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/PGE2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase/ nitric oxide (iNOS/NO) pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells were examined using the neutral red uptake and Griess assays, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that 95ECH suppressed phagocytosis and the NO production in activated macrophage cells (p < 0.01). Conversely, 95ECH regulated the expression levels of mRNAs for cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) as well as the corresponding proteins. In addition, PGE2 production was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by 95ECH, and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 mRNAs was decreased in activated macrophage cells, as expected. Therefore, 95ECH from E. asperula leaves contains potentially valuable compounds for use in inflammation management.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (NRF-2021R1F1A1055482).

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