Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Antimicrobial Cyclic Dipeptides from Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) Eggs Supplemented with Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum

  • Sa-Ouk Kang (Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Min-Kyu Kwak (Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bio-Convergence, and Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, Eulji University)
  • Received : 2023.11.07
  • Accepted : 2023.12.13
  • Published : 2024.02.28
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Abstract

Fifteen cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) containing proline, one cyclo(Phe-Ala) without proline, and a non-peptidyl ᴅⳑ-3-phenyllactic acid were previously identified in the culture filtrates of Lactobacillus plantarum LBP-K10, an isolate from kimchi. In this study, we used Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs to examine the effects of probiotic supplementation on the antimicrobial CDPs extracted from quail eggs (QE). Eggshell-free QE were obtained from two distinct groups of quails. The first group (K10N) comprised eggs from unsupplemented quails. The second group (K10S) comprised eggs from quails supplemented with Lb. plantarum LBP-K10. The QE samples were extracted using methylene chloride through a liquid-liquid extraction process. The resulting extract was fractionated into 16 parts using semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Two fractions, Q6 and Q9, were isolated from K10S and identified as cis-cyclo(ⳑ-Ser-ⳑ-Pro) and cis-cyclo(ⳑ-Leu-ⳑ-Pro). The Q9 fraction, containing cis-cyclo(ⳑ-Leu-ⳑ-Pro), has shown significant inhibitory properties against the proliferation of highly pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as human-specific and phytopathogenic fungi. Some of the ten combinations between the remaining fourteen unidentified fractions and two fractions, Q6 and Q9, containing cis-cyclo(ⳑ-Ser-ⳑ-Pro) and cis-cyclo(ⳑ-Leu-ⳑ-Pro) respectively, demonstrated a significant increase in activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria only when combined with Q9. The activity was 7.17 times higher compared to a single cis-cyclo(ⳑ-Leu-ⳑ-Pro). This study presents new findings on the efficacy of proline-containing CDPs in avian eggs. These CDPs provide antimicrobial properties when specific probiotics are supplemented.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank Dr. Chun Kang and Dr. Gi-eun Rhie from the Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbukdo, South Korea, for providing valuable information on multidrug-resistant bacteria. The authors also thank Cilic BioEngineering Sdn Bhd (CBE) in Taman Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia for providing the G. boninense isolate (GMR3). We also thank the NCIRF at Seoul National University for their support with the GC-MS experiments.

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