Journal of Information Technology Services (한국IT서비스학회지)

Korea Society of IT Services (한국IT서비스학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Introduction and Effectiveness of Metaverse Telework: Focusing on Perceived Work Productivity, Job Performance, and Job Satisfaction

메타버스 텔레워크 도입과 효과의 향상에 관한 연구: 인지된 업무생산성, 직무성과, 직무만족도를 중심으로

  • Hai Chao Liu ;
  • Sang Joon Lee
  • 유해초 (전남대학교 디지털미래융합서비스협동과정) ;
  • 이상준 (전남대학교 경영학부)
  • Received : 2024.01.11
  • Accepted : 2024.04.11
  • Published : 2024.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

With the spread of COVID-19, non-face-to-face social exchanges around the world have increased, leading to a rise in the demand for telework. The recent advancement in technology has facilitated the emergence of metaverse platforms, with telework utilizing the metaverse gaining significant popularity. Such metaverse telework is signaling innovative changes in the business environment, yet sufficient research has not been conducted. This study analyzed the factors affecting the perceived work productivity, job performance, and job satisfaction of metaverse telework users. To achieve this, an online survey was conducted, focusing on individual factors (self-management tactics, sense of belonging, social presence, IT complexity) and situational factors (perceived workload, organizational support, metaverse telework environment, and flexible work arrangements). Out of the total responses, 358 valid questionnaires were used for the analysis, excluding any insincere responses. The SPSS 27.0 software was employed to verify the research hypotheses. This study proposed effective strategies to enhance the efficiency of telework within the metaverse.

Keywords

References

  1. 고용노동부, "2022년 재택근무 활용 우수사례", 2023. Available at https://www.moel.go.kr/policy/policydata/view.do?bbs_seq=20230400291 (Accessed April 6, 2023).
  2. 김현정, 김남열, 전현규, "COVID-19 환경에서 업무몰입과 뉴미디어 이용태도가 재택근무 업무 생산성에 미치는 영향", 인문사회과학연구, 제30권, 제4호, 2022, 73-95.
  3. 김재연, "무인운전열차시스템 관제실 근무환경, 직무만족, 업무성과간의 관련성에 관한 실증 분석", 인터넷전자상거래연구, 제15권, 제3호, 2015, 133-150.
  4. 김정주, 유호성, "원격교원연수에서 교사의 자기주도성과 교수실재감, 사회적실재감, 인지된 학업성취도의 관계", 교육문제연구, 제35권, 제3호, 2022, 111-132.
  5. 김종욱, 김현철, "항공객실승무원의 감정노동이 부정적 직무태도에 미치는 영향", 한국항공경영학회 추계학술발표논문집, 2015, 51-52.
  6. 박노일, 정지연, 홍다예, "메타버스 (Metaverse) 이용과 사회자본 형성: 사회적 실재감과 사회적 지지 및 공동체 의식의 매개효과를 중심으로", 한국방송학보, 제36권, 제5호, 2022, 83-121.
  7. 유경미, "카지노 기업의 조직문화 유형이 직무성과에 미치는 영향", 서비스산업연구, 제8권, 제3호, 2011, 43-58.
  8. 이경재, 송광선, "조직의 안전문화에 대한 인식이 개인의 직무만족, 조직몰입에 미치는 영향-조직신뢰의 매개효과", 대한안전경영과학회지, 제15권, 제3호, 2013, 71-81.
  9. 이승환, 한상열, "메타버스 비긴즈 (BEGINS): 5대 이슈와 전망", 소프트웨어정책연구소 Issue Report, 2021. Available at https://www.spri.kr/posts/view/23197?code=data_all (Accessed April 20, 2021).
  10. 정용주, 김진수, "재택근무 제도강화와 테크노스트레스가 업무생산성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 행동통제와 기술준비도의 조절효과를 중심으로", Journal of Information Technology Applications & Management, 제27권, 제4호, 2020, 63-83.
  11. 한국은행, 코로나19 사태로 인한 재택근무 확산: 쟁점과 평가, 한국은행, 2020.
  12. Akindele, F., K.O. Adepoju, S.M. Omole, T.T. Adebayo, and M.B. Adeojo, "The effect of internet technology on employment towards a jobless society", International Journal of Academic Research, Vol.8, No.6, 2020, 204-208.
  13. Allen, T.D., T.D. Golden, and K.M. Shockley, "How effective is telecommuting? Assessing the status of our scientific findings", Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Vol.16, No.2, 2015, 40-68.
  14. Amini, M.T. and R. Noroozi, "Relationship between self-management strategy and self-efficacy among staff of Ardabil disaster and emergency medical management centers", Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly, Vol.3, No.2, 2018, 85-90.
  15. Aronoff, J., G.E. Stollak, and B.A. Woike, "Affect regulation and the breadth of interpersonal engagement", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.67, No.1, 1994, 105-114.
  16. Baruch, Y. and N. Nicholson, "Home, sweet work: Requirements for effective home working", Journal of General Management, Vol.23, No.2, 1997, 15-30.
  17. Brynjolfsson, E., J.J. Horton, A. Ozimek, D. Rock, G. Sharma, and H.Y. TuYe, "COVID-19 and remote work: An early look at US data", National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020. Available at https://www.nber.org/papers/w27344 (Accessed June, 2020).
  18. Carillo, K., G. Cachat-Rosset, J. Marsan, T. Saba, and A. Klarsfeld, "Adjusting to epidemicinduced telework: Empirical insights from teleworkers in France", European Journal of Information Systems, Vol.30, No.1, 2021, 69-88.
  19. Cascio, W.F., "Managing a virtual workplace", Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol.14, No.3, 2000, 81-90.
  20. Chen, Z., "Influence of Working From Home During the COVID-19 Crisis and HR Practitioner Response", Frontiers in Psychology, Vol.12, 2021.
  21. Chen, Z., "Metaverse office: Exploring future teleworking model", Kybernetes, 2023, Available at https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/K-10-2022-1432/full/html (Accessed February 2023).
  22. Choi, H.Y., "Working in the metaverse: Does telework in a metaverse office have the potential to reduce population pressure in megacities? Evidence from young adults in Seoul", South Korea Sustainability, Vol.14, No.6, 2022.
  23. Duckworth, A.L. and M.L. Kern, "A meta-analysis of the convergent validity of self-control measures", Journal of Research in Personality, Vol.45, No.3, 2011, 259-268.
  24. Gilboa, S., A. Shirom, Y. Fried, and C. Cooper, "A meta-analysis of work demand stressors and job performance: Examining main and moderating effects", Personnel Psychology, Vol.61, No.2, 2008, 227-271.
  25. Gist, M.E. and T.R. Mitchell, "Self-efficacy: A theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability", Academy of Management Review, Vol.17, No.2, 1992, 183-211.
  26. Greer, T.W. and S.C. Payne, "Overcoming telework challenges: Outcomes of successful telework strategies", The Psychologist-Manager Journal, Vol.17, No.2, 2014, 87-112.
  27. Henle, C.A. and A.L. Blanchard, "The Interaction of Work Stressors and Organizational Sanctions on Cyberloafing", Journal of Managerial Issues, Vol.20, No.3, 2008, 383-400.
  28. Hill, E.J., M. Ferris, and V. Martinson, "Does it matter where you work? A comparison of how three work venues (traditional office, virtual office, and home office) influence aspects of work and personal/family life", Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol.63, No.2, 2003, 220-241.
  29. Kamir, D., N. Gavrielov, and C. Berkowitz, "Home office: Yay or nay?", Medical Writing, Vol.31, 2022, 24-27.
  30. Kniffin, K.M., J. Narayanan, F. Anseel, and J. Antonakis, "COVID-19 and the workplace: Implications, issues, and insights for future research and action", American Psychologist, Vol.76, No.1, 2021, 63.
  31. Koohsari, M.J., G.R. McCormack, T. Nakaya, A. Yasunaga, D. Fuller, Y. Nagai, and K. Oka, "The Metaverse, the Built Environment, and Public Health: Opportunities and Uncertainties", Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol.25, 02023.
  32. Mamaysky, H., "News and Markets in the Time of COVID-19", Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 2023.
  33. Martin, H.B. and R. MacDonnell, "Is telework effective for organizations? A meta-analysis of empirical research on perceptions of telework and organizational outcomes", Management Research Review, Vol.35, No.7, 2012, 602-616.
  34. Nath, K., "Evolution of the Internet from Web 1", Authorea Preprints, 2023.
  35. Newman, J.E., "Development of a measure of perceived work environment(PWE)", Academy of Management Journal, Vol.20, No.4, 1997, 520-534.
  36. Oh, H.J., J. Kim, J.J. Chang, N. Park, and S. Lee, "Social benefits of living in the metaverse: The relationships among social presence, supportive interaction, social self-efficacy, and feelings of loneliness", Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.139, 2023.
  37. Oh, I., K. Kim, T.C. Damold, J. Hwang, T. Yoo, Y. Park, and L. Park, "Relationships among Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Job Performance, and Turnover Intention: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis with Korean Samples", Korean Journal of Management, Vol.15, No.4, 2007, 43-86.
  38. Origo, F. and L. Pagani, "Workplace flexibility and job satisfaction: Some evidence from Europe", International Journal of Manpower, Vol.29, No.6, 2008, 539-566.
  39. Raghuram, S., B. Wiesenfeld, and R. Garud, "Technology enabled work: The role of selfefficacy in determining telecommuter adjustment and structuring behavior", Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol.63, No.2, 2003, 180-198.
  40. Ragu-Nathan, T.S., M. Tarafdar, B.S. Ragu-Nathan, and Q. Tu, "The consequences of technostress for end users in organizations: Conceptual development and empirical validation", Information Systems Research, Vol.19, No.4, 2003, 417-433.
  41. Rhoades, L. and R. Eisenberger, "Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.87, No.4, 2002, 698.
  42. Rosenberg, L., "Regulation of the metaverse: A roadmap: The risks and regulatory solutions for large-scale consumer platforms", Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Virtual and Augmented Reality Simulations, 2022, 21-26.
  43. Rospigliosi, P.A., "Metaverse or Simulacra? Roblox, Minecraft, Meta and the turn to virtual reality for education, socialisation and work", Interactive Learning Environments, Vol.30, No.1, 2022, 1-3.
  44. Rudolph, C.W., B. Allan, M. Clark, G. Hertel, A. Hirschi, F. Kunze, K. Shockley, K. Shoss, M. Shoss, S. Sonnentag, and H. Zacher, "Pandemics: Implications for research and practice in industrial and organizational psychology", Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol.14, No.2, 2021, 1-35.
  45. Spector, P.E. and S.M. Jex, "Development of four self-report measures of job stressors and strain: Interpersonal conflict at work scale, organizational constraints scale, quantitative workload inventory, and physical symptoms inventory", Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol.3, No.4, 1998, 356.
  46. Staples, D.S., J.S. Hulland, and C.A. Higgins, "A self-efficacy theory explanation for the management of remote workers in virtual organizations", Organization Science, Vol.10, No.6, 1999, 758-776.
  47. Stephenson, N., Snow crash: A novel, New York, 1992.
  48. Teevan, J., N. Baym, J. Butler, B. Hecht, S. Jaffe, K. Nowak, A. Sellen, and L. Yang, "Microsoft New Future of Work Report", 2022, Available at https://aka.ms/nfw2022.
  49. Toscano, F. and S. Zappala, "Social isolation and stress as predictors of productivity perception and remote work satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of concern about the virus in a moderated double mediation", Sustainability, Vol.12, No.23, 2020, 9804.
  50. Wang, Y., Z. Su, N. Zhang, R. Xing, D. Liu, T. H. Luan, and X. Shen, "A survey on metaverse: Fundamentals, security, and privacy", IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol.25, No.1, 2022, 319-352.
  51. Yerkes, R.M., and J.D. Dodson, "The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habitformation", Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, Vol.18, No.5, 1908, 459-482.
  52. Zallio, M. and P.J. Clarkson, "Designing the metaverse: A study on inclusion, diversity, equity, accessibility and safety for digital immersive environments", Telematics and Informatics, Vol.75, 2022, 101909.