Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
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Applicability evaluation of GIS-based erosion models for post-fire small watershed in the wildland-urban interface

WUI 산불 소유역에 대한 GIS 기반 침식모형의 적용성 평가

  • Shin, Seung Sook (Institute for Smart Infrastructure, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Ahn, Seunghyo (Department of Smart Infrastructure Disaster Prevention, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Song, Jinuk (Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Chae, Guk Seok (Department of Civil Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Park, Sang Deog (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
  • 신승숙 (강릉원주대학교 스마트인프라연구소) ;
  • 안승효 (강릉원주대학교 스마트인프라방재 학연협동과정) ;
  • 송진욱 (강릉원주대학교 생물학과) ;
  • 채국석 (강릉원주대학교 토목공학과) ;
  • 박상덕 (강릉원주대학교 건설환경공학과)
  • Received : 2024.04.05
  • Accepted : 2024.06.10
  • Published : 2024.06.30
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Abstract

In April 2023, a wildfire broke out in Gangneung located in the east coast region due to the influence of the Yanggang-local wind. In this study, GIS-based RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) and SEMMA (Soil Erosion Model for Mountain Areas) were used to evaluate the erosion rate due to vegetation recovery in a small watershed of the Gangneung WUI(Wildland-Urban Interface) fire. The small watershed of WUI fire has a low altitude range of 10-30 m and the average slope of 10.0±7.4° which corresponds to a gentle slope. The soil texture was loamy sand with a high organic content and the deep soil depth. As herbaceous layer regenerated profusely in the gully after the wildfire, the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) reached a maximum of 0.55. Simulation results of erosion rates showed that RUSLE ranged from 0.07-94.9 t/ha/storm and SEMMA ranged from 0.24-83.6 t/ha/storm. RUSLE overestimated the average erosion rate by 1.19-1.48 times compared to SEMMA. The erosion rates were estimated to be high in the middle slope where burned pine trees were widely distributed and the slope was steep and to be relatively low in the hollow below the gully where herbaceous layer recovers rapidly. SEMMA showed a rapid increase in erosion sensitivity under at certain vegetation covers with NDVI below 0.25 (Ic = 0.35) on post-fire hillslopes. Gentle slopes with high organic content and rapid recovery of natural vegetation had relatively low erosion rate compared to steep slopes. As subsequent infrastructure and human damages due to sediment disaster by heavy rain is anticipated in WUI fire areas, the research results may be used as basic data for targeted management and decision making on the implementation of emergency treatment after the wildfire.

2023년 4월에 양강지풍의 영향으로 영동지역에 위치한 강릉에 산불이 발생하였다. 본 연구에서는 강릉 WUI (Wlidland-Urban Interface) 산불 소유역을 대상으로 식생회복에 따른 침식률을 평가하고자, GIS 기반의 RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)와 SEMMA (Soil Erosion Model for Mountain Areas)를 이용하였다. WUI 화재 소유역은 고도의 범위가 10-30m로 낮으며, 사면의 평균경사는 10.0±7.4°로 준경사면 (general slope)에 해당한다. 토성은 유기물 함량이 높고, 토심이 깊은 양질사토(loamy sand) 이었다. 산불 이후 구곡부(gully)에서 초본층이 왕성하게 재생함에 따라, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)가 최대 0.55에 이르렀다. 침식률 모의 결과 RUSLE은 0.07-94.9 t/ha/storm의 범위이었고, SEMMA는 0.24-83.6 t/ha/storm의 범위를 보였다. RUSLE는 SEMMA보다 평균침식률을 1.19-1.48배 과다 예측하였다. 소나무 화재목이 분포하고, 경사가 급한 중부사면에서 침식률이 크며, 초본층의 회복이 빠른 구곡아래 와지(hollow)에서 상대적으로 낮은 침식률을 보였다. SEMMA는 화재 사면의 NDVI가 0.25(Ic=0.35) 이하인 특정 식생피복에서 급격히 증가하는 침식민감도를 보였다. 유기물 함량이 높고 자연 식생의 회복이 빠른 준경사면은 급경사면에 비해 침식률이 상대적으로 작았다. WUI 산불 지역은 집중호우에 의한 토사재해로 후속적인 물·인적 피해가 예상됨에 따라, 본 연구 결과는 화재 이후 응급대처의 시행을 위한 목표 관리 및 의사 결정의 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 교육부(No. 2021R1A6A1A03044326)와 과학기술정보통신부(No. 2023R1A2C1007132)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 기초연구사업으로 이에 감사를 표합니다.

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