DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analyzing and mitigating parasitic capacitances in planar transformers for high-frequency operation

  • Sujeong Lee (Department of Smart Cities, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Seokwon Kim (Department of Smart Cities, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Jong‑Won Shin (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Wonhee Kim (School of Energy System Engineering, Chung-Ang University)
  • Received : 2024.01.25
  • Accepted : 2024.03.15
  • Published : 2024.06.20

Abstract

Planar magnetic components are compact and less susceptible to skin effect due to their thin copper layers. However, the increase in parasitic capacitance has been a challenge in high-frequency operation of planar transformers (PTs). Parasitic capacitances resonate with inductance and may damage switch devices. Thicker printed circuit board (PCB) and reconfigured windings are suggested in this paper to mitigate the parasitic capacitances. A detailed analysis of the parasitic capacitances is performed with a prototype PT. The resonant frequency increased from 1.27 to 1.63 MHz with a 0.4 mm thicker PCB. The reconfigured PT was 1.38 MHz, 0.3 MHz higher than the original PT.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT under Grants RS-2023-00217270 and 2022R1C1C1010027, and Chung-Ang University Graduate Research Scholarship in 2021.

References

  1. Park, C.-W., Han, S.-K.: Analysis and design of an integrated magnetics planar transformer for high power density LLC resonant converter. IEEE Access. 9, 157499-157511 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3125262
  2. Fei, C., Lee, F.C., Li, Q.: High-efficiency high-power-density LLC converter with an integrated planar matrix transformer for high-output current applications. IEEE Trans. Ind. Elec. 64(11), 9072-9082 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2017.2674599
  3. Zhang, Z., Liu, C., Wang, M., Si, Y., Liu, Y., Lei, Q.: High-efficiency high-power-density CLLC resonant converter with low-stray-capacitance and well-heat-dissipated planar transformer for EV on-board charger. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 35(10), 10831-10851 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.2980313
  4. Zhou, X., et al.: A high-efficiency high-power-density on-board low-voltage DC-DC converter for electric vehicles application. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 36(11), 12781-12794 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3076773
  5. Wang, Z., Wu, Z., Liu, T., Chen, C., Kang, Y.: A high-efficiency and high-power-density interleaved integrated buck-boost-LLC converter and its comprehensive optimal design method. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 37(9), 10849-10863 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2022.3164912
  6. TDK: High-Frequency, Low-Loss Ferrite Material PC200. Tech Notes (2019). https://product.tdk.com/en/techlibrary/productoverview/ferrite_pc200.html
  7. Quinn, C., Rinne, K., O'Donnell, T., Dufy, M., Mathuna, C.O.: A review of planar magnetic techniques and technologies. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expos. 2, 1175-1183 (2021)
  8. Park, S.-S., Jeon, M.-S., Min, S.-S., Kim, R.-Y.: High-frequency planar transformer based on interleaved serpentine winding method with low parasitic capacitance for high-current input LLC resonant converter. IEEE Access. 11, 84900-84911 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3303207
  9. Ho, G.K.Y., Fang, Y., Pong, B.M.H.: A multiphysics design and optimization method for air-core planar transformers in high-frequency LLC resonant converters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Elec. 67(2), 1605-1614 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2019.2910023
  10. Guan, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, W., Xu, D.: A high-frequency CLCL converter based on leakage inductance and variable width winding planar magnetics. IEEE Trans. Ind. Elec. 65(1), 280-290 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2017.2716878
  11. Mu, M. and Lee, F.C.: Design and Optimization of a 380-12 V High-Frequency, High-Current LLC Converter With GaN Devices and Planar Matrix Transformers. IEEE J. Emerg. Select. Topics Power Electron. 4(9), 854-862 (2016)
  12. Ouyang, Z., Andersen, M.A.E.: Overview of planar magnetic technology-fundamental properties. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 29(9), 4888-4900 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2283263
  13. Ferroxcube: Design of planar power transformers. Ferroxcube Application Note (2009)
  14. Pahlevaninezhad, M., Hamza, D., Jain, P.K.: An improved layout strategy for common-mode EMI suppression applicable to high-frequency planar transformers in high-power DC/DC converters used for electric vehicles. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 29(3), 1211-1228 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2260176
  15. de Jong, E.C.W., Ferreira, B.J.A., Bauer, P.: Toward the next level of PCB usage in power electronic converters. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 23(11), 3151-3163 (2008)
  16. Djuric, S., Stojanovic, G., Damnjanovic, M., Radovanovic, M., Laboure, E.: Design, modeling, and analysis of a compact planar transformer. IEEE Trans. Magnetics. 48(11), 4135-4138 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2012.2202642
  17. Schafer, J., Bortis, D., Kolar, J.W.: Novel highly efficient/compact automotive PCB winding inductors based on the compensating air-gap fringing feld concept. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 35(9), 9617-9631 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.2969295
  18. Li, G. and Wu, X.: A high power density 48V-12V DCX with 3-D PCB winding transformer. In: IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, vol 1, pp 463-467 (2020)
  19. Lloyd H. Dixon, Texas Instruments: Designing Planar Magnetics
  20. Duerbaum, T., Sauerlaender, G.: Energy based capacitance model for magnetic devices. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expos. 1, 109-115 (2001)
  21. Ackermann, B., Lewalter, A. and Waffenschmidt, E.: Analytical modelling of winding capacitances and dielectric losses for planar transformers. IEEE Workshop Comput. Power Electron. 2-9 (2004)
  22. van der Linde, D., Boon, C.A.M., Klaassens, J.B.: Design of a high-frequency planar power transformer in multilayer technology. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 38(4), 135-141 (1991) https://doi.org/10.1109/41.88907
  23. Biela, J., Kolar, J.W.: Using transformer parasitics for resonant converters-a review of the calculation of the stray capacitance of transformers. Fourtieth IAS Annual Meeting. 3, 1868-1875 (2005)