Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine (대한예방의학회)
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Predictors and Prevalence of Alcohol and Cannabis Co-use Among Filipino Adolescents: Evidence From a School-based Student Health Survey

  • Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi (College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow) ;
  • Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III (Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) ;
  • Jerico B. Ogaya (Department of Medical Technology, Far Eastern University) ;
  • Victor C. Canezo Jr. (Biliran Province State University) ;
  • Roland A. Niez (Biliran Province State University) ;
  • Florante E. Delos Santos (University of Makati) ;
  • Melchor M. Magramo (John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University) ;
  • Ann Rosanie Yap-Tan (St. Paul University Iloilo) ;
  • Francis Ann R. Sy (Southern Leyte State University) ;
  • Omar Kasimieh (University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center)
  • Received : 2024.01.28
  • Accepted : 2024.04.29
  • Published : 2024.05.31
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Abstract

Objectives: This study explored the prevalence and predictors of alcohol and cannabis co-use among 9263 Filipino adolescents, using data from the 2019 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of the GSHS, targeting adolescents aged 13-17 years and excluding cases with incomplete data on alcohol and cannabis use. Our analysis employed the bivariate chi-square test of independence and multivariable logistic regression using Stata version 18 to identify significant predictors of co-use, with a p-value threshold set at 0.05. Results: The weighted prevalence of co-users was 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to 5.3). Significant predictors included male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.50; 95% CI, 3.31 to 6.10; p<0.001) and being in a lower academic year, specifically grade 7 (aOR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.39 to 6.99; p<0.001) and grade 8 (aOR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.30 to 3.72; p=0.003). Poor sleep quality was also a significant predictor (aOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.44; p<0.001), as was a history of attempted suicide (aOR, 5.31; 95% CI, 4.00 to 7.06; p<0.001). Physical inactivity was associated with lower odds of co-use (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.62; p<0.001). Additionally, non-attendance of physical education classes (aOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.05; p=0.021), infrequent unapproved parental checks (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.80; p=0.024), and lower parental awareness of free-time activities (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.87; p=0.005) were associated with higher odds of co-use. Factors not significantly linked to co-use included age group, being in grade 9, always feeling lonely, having no close friends, being bullied outside school, and whether a parent or guardian understood the adolescent's worries. Conclusions: The findings highlight the critical need for comprehensive interventions in the Philippines, addressing not only physical inactivity and parental monitoring but also focusing on sex, academic grade, participation in physical education classes, sleep quality, and suicide attempt history, to effectively reduce alcohol and cannabis co-use among adolescents.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We thank the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for providing access to the 2019 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) data from the Philippines.

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