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  • 제24권1호
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  • Pages.10.1-10.17
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  • 2024
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  • 1598-2629(pISSN)
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  • 2092-6685(eISSN)
대한면역학회 (The Korean Association of Immunobiologists)
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Cytokines, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors, and PlGF in Autoimmunity: Insights From Rheumatoid Arthritis to Multiple Sclerosis

  • Young eun Lee (Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (GSMSE), Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) ;
  • Seung-Hyo Lee (Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (GSMSE), Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) ;
  • Wan-Uk Kim (Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • 투고 : 2023.12.22
  • 심사 : 2024.02.05
  • 발행 : 2024.02.29
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초록

In this review, we will explore the intricate roles of cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factors in autoimmune diseases (ADs), with a particular focus on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). AD is characterized by self-destructive immune responses due to auto-reactive T lymphocytes and Abs. Among various types of ADs, RA and MS possess inflammation as a central role but in different sites of the patients. Other common aspects among these two ADs are their chronicity and relapsing-remitting symptoms requiring continuous management. First factor inducing these ADs are cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17, which play significant roles in the pathogenesis by contributing to inflammation, immune cell activation, and tissue damage. Secondly, vascular endothelial growth factors, including VEGF and angiopoietins, are crucial in promoting angiogenesis and inflammation in these two ADs. Finally, placental growth factor (PlGF), an emerging factor with bi-directional roles in angiogenesis and T cell differentiation, as we introduce as an "angio-lymphokine" is another key factor in ADs. Thus, while angiogenesis recruits more inflammatory cells into the peripheral sites, cytokines secreted by effector cells play critical roles in the pathogenesis of ADs. Various therapeutic interventions targeting these soluble molecules have shown promise in managing autoimmune pathogenic conditions. However, delicate interplay between cytokines, angiogenic factors, and PlGF has more to be studied when considering their complementary role in actual pathogenic conditions. Understanding the complex interactions among these factors provides valuable insights for the development of innovative therapies for RA and MS, offering hope for improved patient outcomes.

키워드

과제정보

This study was supported by grants funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2015R1A3A2032927) and BiomLogic Inc.

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