References
- Jensen R, Doucet S, Treitz T. Changes in segment mass and mass distribution during pregnancy. J Biomech. 1996;29(2):251-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(95)00042-9
- Opala-Berdzik A, Bacik A, Cieslinska-Swider J et al. The influence of pregnancy on the location of the center of gravity in standing position. J Hum Kinet. 2010;26(1).
- Opala-Berdzik A, Blaszczyk JW, Bacik B et al. Static postural stability in women during and after pregnancy: a prospective longitudinal study. PloS one. 2015;10(6):e0124207.
- Bullock JE, Jull GA, Bullock MI. The relationship of low back pain to postural changes during pregnancy. Aust J Physiother. 1987;33(1):10-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60580-8
- Lippold C, Danesh G, Schilgen M et al. Relationship between thoracic, lordotic, and pelvic inclination and craniofacial morphology in adults. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(5):779-85.
- Takaki S, Kaneoka K, Okubo Y et al. Analysis of muscle activity during active pelvic tilting in sagittal plane. Phys Ther Res. 2016;19(1):50-7. https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.E9900
- Yoo Wg. Effect of the individual strengthening exercises for posterior pelvic tilt muscles on back pain, pelvic angle, and lumbar ROM of a LBP patient with excessive lordosis: a case study. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26(2):319-20. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.319
- McGill SM, Grenier SM, kavcic N et al. Coordination of muscle activity to assure stability of the lumbar spine. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2003;13(4):353-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1050-6411(03)00043-9
- Fujita T, Sato A, Togashi Y et al. Contribution of abdominal muscle strength to various activities of daily living of stroke patients with mild paralysis. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(3):815-8. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.815
- Gilleard WL, Brown JMM. Structure and function of the abdominal muscles in primigravid subjects during pregnancy and the immediate postbirth period. Phys Ther. 1996;76(7):750-62. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/76.7.750
- Coldron Y, Stokes MJ, Newham DJ et al. Postpartum characteristics of rectus abdominis on ultrasound imaging. Man Ther. 2008;13(2):112-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2006.10.001
- Richardson CA, Snijders CJ, Hides JA et al. The relation between the transversus abdominis muscles, sacroiliac joint mechanics, and low back pain. Spine. 2002;27(4):399-405. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200202150-00015
- Kainu JP, Sarvela J, Tiippana E et al. Persistent pain after caesarean section and vaginal birth: a cohort study. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2010;19(1):4-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2009.03.013
- Pool-Goudzwaard AL, Slieker MC, Vierhout ME et al. Relations between pregnancy related low back pain, pelvic floor activity and pelvic floor dysfunction. Int urogynecology J. 2005;16(6):468-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-005-1292-7
- Hildenbrand K, Noble L. Abdominal muscle activity while performing trunk-flexion exercises using the Ab roller, AB slide, Fit Ball, and conventionally performed trunk curls. J Athl Train. 2004;39(1):37-43.
- Ralston SH, Urquhart GD, Brzeski M et al. Prevalence of vertebral compression fractures due to osteoporosis in ankylosing spondylitis. Br Med J. 1990;300(6724):563-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.300.6724.563
- Nachemson AL. Disc pressure measurements. Spine. 1981;6(1):93-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198101000-00020
- Boissonnault JS, Mary JB. Incidence of diastasis recti abdominis during the childbearing year. Phys Ther. 1998;68(7):1082-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/68.7.1082
- Kofotolis N, Kellis E. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation versus isokinetic training for strength, endurance and jumping performance. J Hum Mov Stud. 2002;42(2):155-65.
- Kim GD, Lee YJ, Choi WS et al. Effects of lumbar stabilization exercise using PNF techniques on thickness of lumbar deep muscle and functional activity in chronic low back pain patients. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association. 2012;12(3):233-43. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2012.12.03.233
- Bong SY, Kim YJ, Kang MG et al. Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise on forced expiratory volume at one second, pain, and functional disability index of chronic low back pain patients. PNF & Mov. 2016;14(3):185-93. https://doi.org/10.21598/JKPNFA.2016.14.3.185
- Abe T, Kusuhara N, Yoshimura N et al. Differential respiratory activity of four abdominal muscles in humans. J Appl Physiol. 1996;80(4):1379-89. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.80.4.1379
- Whitney SL, Wrisley DM, Marchetti GF et al. Clinical measurement of sit-to-stand performance in people with balance disorders: validity of data for the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test. Phys Ther. 2015;85(10):1034-45. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/85.10.1034
- Slezynska M, Miesok G, Miesok K. Responsiveness of people with moderate and significant intellectual disability to physical stimulation. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2018;25(1).
- Cattuzzo MT, Santana de FS, Safons MP et al. Assessment in the supine-to-stand task and functional health from youth to old age: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(16):5794.
- Joshi S, Kamboj R, Pawalia A. Effect of interferential therapy and elastic band exercises on subjects with round shoulder and forward head posture: a randomized trial. J Dow Univ Health Sci. 2022;16(2):59-65. https://doi.org/10.36570/jduhs.2022.2.1639
- Kang TW, Kim BR. The effects of stretching and strengthening exercise on the pain, pelvic tilt, functional disability index, and balance ability of patients with chronic lower back pain. J Kor Phys Ther. 2019;31(1):7-12. https://doi.org/10.18857/jkpt.2019.31.1.7
- Harman K, Hubley-Kozey CL, Butler H. Effectiveness of an exercise program to improve forward head posture in normal adults: a randomized, controlled 10-week trial. J Man Manip Ther. 2005;13(3):163-76. https://doi.org/10.1179/106698105790824888
- Grenier SG, McGill SM. Quantification of lumbar stability by using 2 different abdominal activation strategies. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88:54-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2006.10.014
- Conroy VM, Murray BN Jr, Alexopulos QT et al. Kendall's muscles: testing and function with posture and pain. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 2022:5-95.
- Hislop H, Avers D, Brown M et al. Daniels and Worthingham's muscle testing-e-book: techniques of manual examination and performance testing. 9th ed, St Louis, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014:41-62.
- Rortveit G, Daltveit AK, Hannestad YS et al. Urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean section. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(10):900-7. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa021788
- O'Sullivan P, Twomey L, Allison G et al. Altered patterns of abdominal muscle activation in patients with chronic low back pain. Aust J Physiother. 1997;43(2):91-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60403-7
- Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Contraction of the abdominal muscles associated with movement of the lower limb. Phys Ther. 1997;77(2):132-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/77.2.132
- Nesbitt D, Molina S, Sacko R et al. Examining the feasibility of supine-to-stand as a measure of functional motor competence. J Mot Learn Dev. 2018;6(2):267-86. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2017-0016
- Kang MH, Yoon JY, Yang JL et al. The effect of visual biofeedback on EMG activity of trunk muscles and endurance holding time for correct position during whole-body tilt exercise. Phys Ther Korea. 2011;18(1):9-17.
- Kim KH, Youn HJ, Park SH et al. The effects of PNF patterns on trunk muscle activity according to position changes. PNF & Mov. 2016;14(1):1-6.
- Lee H, Kim H, Kim H et al. The effects of trunk stability education in pelvic stabilization. Journal of the Korean Society of Integrative Medicine. 2013;1(4):57-66. https://doi.org/10.15268/KSIM.2013.1.4.057
- Lee DK, Kang MH, Kim JW et al. Effects of non-paretic arm exercises using a tubing band on abdominal muscle activity in stroke patients. NeuroRehabilitation. 2013;33(4):605-10. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-131003
- Kang TW. The effects of the upper extremity and lower extremity patterns of PNF on abdominal muscle activity in healthy subjects and abdominal muscle strength and respiratory functions in stroke patients. Silla University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2019.