Nuclear Engineering and Technology

Korean Nuclear Society (한국원자력학회)
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Feasibility and performance limitations of Supercritical carbon dioxide direct-cycle micro modular reactors in primary frequency control scenarios

  • Seongmin Son (Department of Smart Plant Engineering, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Jeong Ik Lee (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2023.07.11
  • Accepted : 2023.11.13
  • Published : 2024.04.25
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Abstract

This study investigates the application of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) direct-cycle micro modular reactors (MMRs) in primary frequency control (PFC), which is a scenario characterized by significant load fluctuations that has received less attention compared to secondary load-following. Using a modified GAMMA + code and a deep neural network-based turbomachinery off-design model, the authors conducted an analysis to assess the behavior of the reactor core and fluid system under different PFC scenarios. The results indicate that the acceptable range for sudden relative electricity output (REO) fluctuations is approximately 20%p which aligns with the performance of combined-cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) and open-cycle gas turbines (OCGTs). In S-CO2 direct-cycle MMRs, the control of the core operates passively within the operational range by managing coolant density through inventory control. However, when PFC exceeds 35%p, system control failure is observed, suggesting the need for improved control strategies. These findings affirm the potential of S-CO2 direct-cycle MMRs in PFC operations, representing an advancement in the management of grid fluctuations while ensuring reliable and carbon-free power generation.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was conducted with the support of the Kyungpook National University New Professor Support Project.

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