Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
권호 표지

A Study on the Effects of Young Entrepreneur Competency on Startup Performance: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Network Activities

청년창업가의 역량이 창업성과에 미치는 영향 요인에 관한 연구: 네트워크활동의 매개효과 중심으로

  • Hyun Chae Song (Dept. of Management Information, Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University) ;
  • Chul-Moo Heo (Dept. of Management Information, Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University)
  • 송현채 (호서대학교 벤처대학원 정보경영학과) ;
  • 허철무 (호서대학교 벤처대학원 정보경영학과)
  • Received : 2024.03.08
  • Accepted : 2024.04.15
  • Published : 2024.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study analyzes the effect of enterepreneurial competencies on start-up performance through network activities for young entrepreneurs. Enterepreneurial competencies are composed of opportunity recognition competencies, marketing competencies, technical competencies, and creative competencies. A total of 354 questionnaires collected from young entrepreneurs residing in the country were used for empirical analysis. SPSS v28.0 and PROCESS macro v4.3 were analyzed based on the research model of a single-parameter single-mediated model. As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that among the enterepreneurial competencies, opportunity recognition competencies, marketing competencies, technical competencies, and creative competencies have a positive (+) significant effect on network activities. Among them, it was found that marketing competence has the greatest effect on network activities and technical competence has the least effect. Second, network activities were found to have a significant effect on start-up performance in a positive (+) direction. Third, among enterepreneurial competencies, opportunity recognition competence, marketing competence, technical competence, and creative competence were found to have a positive (+) effect on start-up performance. Among them, it was found that creative competence had the greatest effect and technical competence had the smallest effect. Fourth, network activities were found to mediate between enterepreneurial competencies and start-up performance. As for the relative effect size of the indirect effects of independent variables, it was found that marketing competence had the greatest effect on start-up performance and technology competence had the smallest effect. The academic implications of this study include investigating the significance and relationship of various variables, providing verification of theoretical frameworks related to entrepreneurship, identifying the main drivers of start-up success, and suggesting the importance of the network between enterepreneurial competencies and start-up performance. In addition, the practical implications of this study suggest the importance of marketing competencies for networking, and suggest differentiation of competencies. It emphasizes the strategic role of creative competence and provides guidance to policymakers for supporting start-ups on customized policies for fostering valuable start-ups.

본 연구는 청년창업가를 대상으로 창업가의 역량이 네트워크활동을 매개하여 창업성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 청년창업가의 역량을 기회인식역량, 마케팅역량, 기술역량 및 창의역량으로 구성하였다. 전국에 거주하는 청년창업가로부터 표집한 354부의 설문지를 실증분석에 사용하였다. SPSS v28.0과 PROCESS macro v4.3으로 하나의 매개변수로 구성된 단일매개모형의 연구모형을 기반으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 청년창업가의 역량 중 기회인식역량, 마케팅역량, 기술역량 및 창의역량이 네트워크활동에 정(+)의 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이중 마케팅 역량은 네트워크 활동에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 반면 기술적 역량은 가장 적은 영향을 미친다는 것이 확인되었다. 둘째, 네트워크활동은 창업성과에 정(+)의 방향으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 청년창업가의 역량 중 기회인식역량, 마케팅역량, 기술역량 및 창의역량이 창업성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이중 창의역량은 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 반면 기술적 역량은 가장 덜 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 검증되었다. 넷째, 네트워크활동은 청년창업가의 역량과 창업성과 간을 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 네트워크 활동을 매개로 할 때, 독립 변수들의 간접 효과의 상대적인 영향력 크기는 마케팅 역량이 가장 크게 창업 성과에 영향을 미치고, 기술 역량은 가장 작게 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 연구의 학문적 함의로는 다양한 변수의 의의와 관계를 규명하고 있고 창업과 관련된 이론적 프레임워크에 대한 검증을 제공하며 창업성공의 주요 동인을 식별하며, 청년창업가의 역량과 창업성과 간의 네트워크의 중요성을 제시하였다. 또한 이 연구의 실무적인 함의는 네트워킹을 위한 마케팅역량의 중요성을 제시하고 있고, 역량에 대한 차별성을 시사하고 있다. 창의역량의 전략적 역할을 강조하고 있고 창업지원을 위한 정책 입안자에게 귀중한 창업육성을 위한 맞춤형 정책에 대한 지침을 제시하고 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Arenius, P., & DeClercq, D.(2005). A Network-based Approach on Opportunity Recognition. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 249-265.
  2. Bang, H. M.(2016). Effect of Founder Characteristics on Technology Start-up Performance. Doctoral Dissertation, Hoseo University.
  3. Baum, J. R., Locke, E. A., & Smith, K. G.(2001). A multidimensional model of venture growth. Academy of management journal, 44(2), 292-303. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069456
  4. Behn & Riley(2007). Succession in Nonprofit Organizations : An Insider/Outsider Perspective. Advanced Management Journal, 72(4), 26-31.
  5. Boso, N., Story, V., & Cadogan, J.(2013). Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, networks ties and performance:Study of entrepreneurial firms in a developing economy. Journal of Business Venturing, 28, 708-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.04.001
  6. Chae, G. S.(2014). The Impact of Small Business Entrepreneurship and Social Capital on Marketing Performance. Doctoral Dissertation, Cheongju University.
  7. Chandler, G. N., & Hanks, S. H.(1994). Market attractiveness, resource-based capabilitise, venture strategies, and venture performance. Journal of business venturing, 9(4), 331-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)90011-6
  8. Chandler, G. N., & Jansen, E.(1992). The founder's self-assessed competence and venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 7(3), 223-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(92)90028-P
  9. Choi, B. J.(2014). Network, organizational capabilities, and corporate performance of small and medium enterprises in Korea. Doctoral Dissertation, Yeungnam University.
  10. Day(1994). The capabilities of market-driven organizations. Journal of Marketing, 58(4), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800404
  11. Gomez-Haro, S., Aragon-Correa, J. A., & Cordon-Pozo, E.(2011). Differentiating the effects of the institutional environment on corporate entrepreneurship. Management Decision, 49(10), 1677-1693.
  12. Hayes, A. F.(2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York: Guilford.
  13. Iacobucci, D., Posavac, S. S., Kardes, F. R., Schneide, M. J., & Popovich, D. L.(2015). The median split: Robust, refined, and revived. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 25(4), 690-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2015.06.014
  14. James(1990). Identical splicing of aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor transcripts from amplified rearranged genes in human glioblastomas. PNAS, 87(21), 8602-8606. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.16.6102
  15. Jang, H. C., & Kim, J. S.(2021). The Impact of Perception of Entrepreneurial Opportunity on the Entrepreneurial Intention: Focusing on Positive Psychological Capital. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 16(6), 43-55.
  16. Jian, Z., & Wang, C.(2013). The impacts of network competence, knowledge sharing on service innovation performance: Moderating role of relationship quality. In LISS 2012, 569-576.
  17. Ji, S. K., & Kim, S. J.(2007). An Empirical Study on the Determinants of Non-financial Performance Measures of Venture Companies. A Study on Entrepreneurship and Venture, 10(2), 25-48.
  18. Joint Government-Related Ministry(2018). The 2nd Five-Year Plan for University Entrepreneurship Education (2018~2022). Joint Government-Related Ministry, Retrieved fromwww.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=294&boardSeq=74314.
  19. Jun, D. Y., & Yoon, H. D.(2011). A Study on the Effect of Technological Innovation System on Entrepreneurship and Technological Innovation Performance of Venture Companies. Journal of the Korean Society of Entrepreneurship, 6(3), 71-98.
  20. Jung, D. Y., & No, K. H.(2009a). The Effects of Entrepreneurs' Self-efficacy and Network Types on the Performance of New and Growing Companies. Journal of the Korean Society of Management, 23(1), 385-403.
  21. Jung, D. Y., & No, K. H.(2009b). An Exploratory Study on the Behavioral Characteristics of New Venture Entrepreneurs and the Effect of Network Activities on Corporate Performance. Journal of the Korean Society of Industrial Science and Technology, 10(11), 3354-3362.
  22. Jung, D. Y., & Park, S. H.(2016). The Effect of Characteristics of Small Business Owners on Securing Social Capital: Focusing on the Modulating Effect of Social Support and the Mediating Effect of Business Self-efficacy. Korea Management Education Association, 31(1), 295-318.
  23. Jung, D. Y., Yang, J. W., & Kim, C. K.(2013). The Effect of Self-efficacy on Entrepreneurship Intention through Entrepreneurship Participation: Focusing on Chinese University Students. A Study on Management Education, 8, 543-572.
  24. Kang, B. S.(2020). Impacts of Seniors' Entrepreneur Competency and Startup Support on Entrepreneurship Efficacy, Opportunity Awareness, and Startup Intention. Doctoral Dissertation, Sejong University.
  25. Kim, C. G.(2015). A Study on the Effect of Entrepreneurship Support System and Entrepreneur Competency on the Performance of Early Technology Start-up Companies. Doctoral Dissertation, Korea National University of Industrial Technology.
  26. Kim, D. H.(2011). A study on the impact of SMEs' marketing environment and capabilities on marketing performance, focusing on SMEs in the metropolitan area using marketing performance models. Doctoral Dissertation, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University.
  27. Kim, J. W.(2017). The Impact of the Characteristics and Capabilities of Small Business Managers on Management Performance. Doctoral Dissertation, Hoseo University.
  28. Kim, J. Y.(2018). An empirical analysis of the determinants of corporate network demand and network effectiveness. Doctoral Dissertation, Hanyang University.
  29. Kim, K. S.(2005). A Study on the Effect of the Interaction between Compensation Form and Provision Time on Compensation Preference. Marketing research, 20(3), 85-102.
  30. Kim, S. J., & Han, J. S.(2007). Relationship between Social Capital and Performance in Business : Focusing on Hotel Companies. Journal of Tourism Research, 21(4), 67-83.
  31. Kim, S. M.(2019). A Study on the Mediating Effect of the Characteristics of Year Entrepreneurs on the Relationship between Expert Mentoring and Management Performance, Master's thesis, Hoseo University.
  32. Kim, T. H.(2017). The Effects of Resorts Company's Social Responsibility Activities on Employees' Organizational Immersion and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of the Korea Sports Science Association, 26(5), 497-510.
  33. Kirzner(1973). The alert and creative entrepreneur : a clarification. Small Business Economics, 32, 145-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-008-9153-7
  34. Ko, B. S., Yong, S. J., & Lee, S. C.(2003). An Empirical Study on the Determinants of the Performance of Venture Companies. A Study on Entrepreneurship and Venture, 6(2), 3-33.
  35. Ko, J. N.(2009). An Exploratory Study on the Impact of In-house Entrepreneurship on Radical Innovation of Companies. A study on commercial education, 23(3), 489-519.
  36. Ko, Y. H.(2017). A Study on the Effect of Strategic Thinking Competency and Technical Competency on Entrepreneurship Intention. A master's thesis, Graduate School of Global Entrepreneurship, Sungkyunkwan University.
  37. Koo, J. W., & Lee, Y. C.(2009). A Study on the Determinants of Management Performance by Corporate Growth Stage: Focusing on Subjects, Environmental, Resources, and Mechanical Factors. A study of business administration, 38(4), 991-1025.
  38. Kwon, H. J.(2019). The Effects of Marketing Competency of Small Business Corporations and Entrepreneurial Characteristics of Small Business Corporations on Marketing Performance: Focusing on Network Competency. Professional Management Research, 22(3), 67-88.
  39. Lassen, A. H., Gertsen, F., & Riis, J. O.(2006). The Nexus of Corporate Entrepreneurship and Radical Innovation. Creativity and Innovation Management, 15(4), 359-372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2006.00406.x
  40. Lee, B. H., Kim, Y. G., & Park, S. M.(2008). The Impact of SMEs' Business Areas and Technology Capabilities on Management Performance. Research on Technological Innovation, 16(1), 23-46.
  41. Lee, C. G.(2019). A Study on the Characteristics of Young Entrepreneurs, Discovery of Opportunities, and the Impact of Opportunity Utilization on Corporate Performance. Doctoral Dissertation, Daejeon University.
  42. Lee, C., Lee, K., & Pennings, J. M.(2001). Internal capabilities, external networks and performance: a study on technology-based ventures. Strategic management Journal, 22(6-7), 615-640.
  43. Lee, G. W., & Yoo, K. H.(2014). Effects of Creativity and Character Education on the Improvement of Creativity and Self-concept of Elementary and Secondary Students. A Study on the Education of Creativity, 14(1), 1-16.
  44. Lee, H. Y.(2012). Research Methodology, Seoul: Cheongram.
  45. Lee, I. H.(2014). EasyFlow Regression, Seoul: Hannarae.
  46. Lee, J. H., Jo, S. M., & Kwon, S. I.(2018). A Study on the Trend of Social Enterprises Using Keyword Network Analysis: Focusing on the papers of domestic journals from 2000 to 2017. Social Values and Corporate Research, 11(2), 183-236.
  47. Lee, J. Y.(2018). A Study on the Effect of the Government's Start-up Support Project on Start-up Performance. Focusing on cultural contents start-up companies in Seoul. Master's thesis, University of Seoul.
  48. Lee, S. H.(2016). A Study on the Effect of Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Competency, and Entrepreneurial Characteristics on Entrepreneurship Satisfaction. Doctoral Dissertation, Hoseo University.
  49. Lim, A. R.(2015). The Influence of Young Entrepreneurs' Competency on Entrepreneurship Behavior and Entrepreneurship Performance. Doctoral Dissertation, Chosun University.
  50. Miller & Shamise(1996). The Resource-Based View of the Firm in Two Environments : The Hollywood Film Studios from 1936 to 1965. Academy of Management Journal, 39(3).
  51. Min, K. M.(2014). The Influence of Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Network Activities on Management Performance of One-Person Creative Companies. Doctoral Dissertation, Chungbuk National University.
  52. Ministry of SMEs and Startups(2022). 2022 SME Support Project Policy Data. Retrieved(2022.05.01.) from www.mss.go.kr/.
  53. Mun, J. H.(2021). A Study on the Effect of Entrepreneurial Characteristics on Technology Start-up, General Start-up, and Sustainable Growth. Doctoral Dissertation, Gachon University.
  54. Morris, M. H., Webb, J. W., Fu, J., & Singhal, S.(2013). A competency-based perspective on entrepreneurship education: Conceptual and empirical insights. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 352-369. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12023
  55. Park, G. H.(2007). A Study on the Determinants of the Speed of Internationalization of Korea's Technology-Based Small and Medium Venture Companies. An international regional study, 11(3), 321-349.
  56. Park, G. A.(2017). The Effect of Experience Factors in Rice Cake Stores on Brand Attitudes and Revisit Intentions. The Korean Cooking Association, 23(2), 35-44.
  57. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P.(2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
  58. Sarasvathy.(2023). Recipient of the 2022 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research, Small Business Economics, 61, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-023-00747-5
  59. Sean, L(2006). Entrepreneur Social Competence and Capital : The Social Networks of Politically Skilled Entrepreneurs. Academy of Management Proceedings, Q1-Q6.
  60. Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Liden, R. C(2001). A Social Capital Theory of Career Success. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 219-247. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069452
  61. Seo, S. Y.(2018). The Effect of Young Entrepreneur Competency on Entrepreneurship Willingness and Entrepreneurship Behavior. Doctoral Dissertation, Chosun University.
  62. Zahra, S. A.(1996). Goverance, Ownership, and Corporate Entrepreneurship: The Moderating Impact of Industry Technological Opportunities. The Academy of Management Journal, 39(6), 1713-1735. https://doi.org/10.2307/257076
  63. Song, Y. M., & Kim, G. W.(2019). A Study on the Problem Solving of Start-up Companies through Analysis of Start-up Failure Factors. Journal of the Korean Society of Entrepreneurship, 14(3), 94-120. https://doi.org/10.24878/tkes.2019.14.3.094
  64. Startup Genome(2021). Global Startup Ecosystem Report 2021, Sanfrancisco: Startupgenome.
  65. Spencer, L. M. & Spencer, S. M.(1993). Competence at Work: Models for Superior Performance. Scientific Research.
  66. Vorhies & Harker(2000). The Capabilities and PerforMance Advantages of Market Driven Firms: An Empirical Investigation. Australian Journal of Management, 25(2), 145-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/031289620002500203
  67. Vorhies & Morgan(2005). The Capabilities and Performance Advantages of Market-Driven Firms : An Empirical Investigation, Sage Journals, 25(2), 145-171.
  68. Walter, A., Auer, M., & Ritter, T.(2006). The impact of network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin-off performance. Journal of Business Venturing. 21(4). 541-567.
  69. Williams, K. D. (2009). Ostracism: A temporal need-threat model. Advances in experimental social psychology, 41, 275-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)00406-1
  70. Yook, C. W.(2014). The Effect of Entrepreneurs' Characteristic Factors on Entrepreneurs' Will to Start a Business: Focusing on the Controlling Effect of Korean Start-up Mentoring. Journal of the Korean Content Society, 14(10), 661-676.
  71. Yoon, J. M.(2023). A Study on the Effect of Technology Orientation on Management Performance of Technology Start-up Companies : Adjustment Effect of Location and Absorption Capacity. Next Generation Convergence Information Service Technology Paper, 12(2), 245-258. https://doi.org/10.29056/jncist.2023.04.11
  72. Yoon, J. R., & Kim, H. C.(2009). An Empirical Study on the Effect of Entrepreneurs' Competency Characteristics on Management Performance: Verification of the Mediating Effect of Differentiation Strategy. A productivity essay, 23(4), 401-427. https://doi.org/10.15843/kpapr.23.4.200912.401
  73. Yoon, S. M.(2019). The impact of the CEO, corporate characteristics and government support policies of small manufacturers on decision-making and management performance: focusing on network activities and absorption capabilities. Doctoral Dissertation, Daejeon University.
  74. Yu, R. H.(2016). A Study on the Determinants of Management Performance of Small and Medium Businesses in B2B Focusing on the Characteristics of Managers and Competitive Strategies. East and Central Asia Studies, 27(2), 55-71.
  75. Zahra, S. A., & Nielsen, A. P.(2002). Sources of Capabilities, Integration and Technology Commercialization. Strategic Management Journal, 23(5), 377-398.