Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
권호 표지

The Impact of Organizational Culture on Female Entrepreneurship: The Moderating Role of Career Self-Management Behavior

조직문화가 여성기업가정신에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 경력개발행동의 조절효과를 중심으로

  • 안혜성 (명지대학교 경영대학 국제통상학과) ;
  • 오혜미 (세종대학교 경영학부)
  • Received : 2024.03.09
  • Accepted : 2024.04.22
  • Published : 2024.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Although female entrepreneurship has started to receive scholarly attention, existing literature narrowly focus on firms founded by women or female founders thereby causing a lack of understanding about the antecedents of female entrepreneurship at a general level. To address this gap in the literature, the aim of our study is to explore the impact of organizational culture on female entrepreneurship. Specifically, we examine whether the horizontal nature of firms' organizational culture enhances female entrepreneurship. Futhermore, the moderating role of career self-management behavior is examined. Our empirical analysis is based on the third survey of 2022 Korea Women Manager Panel (KWMP) conducted by the Korea Women's Development Institute. All hypotheses were supported. We find that when companies have more horizontal organizational culture in place, the level of female entrepreneurship increases. Moreover, the positive relationship between horizontal organizational culture and female entrepreneurship is stronger when female employees are more proactive in career self-management behavior in order to achieve their individually set career goals. Overall, our study contributes to the literature on female entrepreneurship by providing implications for its antecendents.

최근 들어 여성 특유의 여성기업가정신(female entrepreneurship)이라는 개념이 주목받기 시작하였다. 그러나 기존 문헌은 여성이 창업한 기업 혹은 여성창업가 중심으로 연구가 주로 이루어지는 데 그쳤고 무엇보다 여성의 전반적인 수준의 여성기업가정신의 선행요인에 대한 이해가 부족하다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 기업차원에서의 조직문화가 여성기업가정신에 미치는 영향에 관하여 살펴보고자 한다. 구체적으로, 조직문화의 특성 중에서 수평 정도에 주목하여 수평적인 조직문화가 여성기업가정신을 증대시키는지 연구하였다. 나아가 수평적인 조직문화에 있는 여성 조직구성원이 개인 차원에서 설정된 경력목표를 달성하기 위해서 취하는 경력관리 관련 행동에 적극적인 경우, 수평적인 조직문화가 여성기업가정신에 미치는 긍정적인 효과가 강화되는지 살펴보았다. 제시된 연구모형의 검증은 한국여성정책연구원에서 조사한 한국여성관리자패널조사(Korea Women Manager Panel: KWMP)의 2022년 3차 조사 데이터를 활용하였다. 가설검증 결과에 따르면 모든 가설은 지지되었다. 따라서, 수평적인 조직문화를 가진 기업일수록 여성기업가정신이 증대되는 긍정적인 효과가 있다. 나아가 경력개발행동에 적극적인 여성일수록, 기업의 조직문화의 수평 정도와 여성기업가정신 간의 정(+)의 관계는 강화되었다. 이런 결과를 토대로 전반적인 수준의 여성기업가정신을 증대시킬 수 있는 선행요인에 대해서 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Al Matroushi, H., Jabeen, F., Matloub, A., & Tehsin, M.(2020). Push and Pull Model of Women Entrepreneurship: Empirical Evidence from the UAE. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(3), 588-609. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-02-2017-0020
  2. Bennett, R., & Dann, S.(2000). Like Mother Like Daughter? A Study of the Impact of Age on Entrepreneurial Women in Australia. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(1), 50-76.
  3. Brush, C. G.(1992). Research on Women Business Owners: Past Trends, A New Perspective and Future Directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(4), 5-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879201600401
  4. Bunderson, J. S.(2003). Recognizing and Utilizing Expertise in Work Groups: A Status Characteristics Perspective. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48(4), 557-591. https://doi.org/10.2307/3556637
  5. Bygrave, W. D.(1995). Mom-and-pops, High Potential Startups, and Intrapreneurship: Are They Part of the Same Entrepreneurship Paradigm. In Katz, J. A. & Brockhaus, R. H. (Eds.) Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, 1-20, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
  6. Chenhall, R. H., Kallunki, J. P., & Silvola, H.(2011). Exploring the Relationships between Strategy, Innovation, and Management Control Systems: The Roles of Social Networking, Organic Innovative Culture, and Formal Controls. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 23(1), 99-128.
  7. Cho, Y. A., & Jyung, C. Y.(2015). The Development and Validation of the Career Management Behavior Scale. The Journal of Career Education Research, 28(4), 157-178.
  8. Choi, T. Y., & Lee, S. S.(2007). The Study of Relations Between CEO Characteristics and Performance of Woman's Enterprise. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 2(3), 123-143. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.2.3.200709.123
  9. Choo, S. Y., & Kong. H. W.(2019a). An Exploratory Study on the Determinants of Entrepreneurship in Korea: Focusing on Gender Differences. Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Society, 14(2), 104-122.
  10. Choo, S. Y., & Kong. H. W.(2019b). The Effects of Gender and Childbirth on Entrepreneurship: Implications for the Activation of Female Entrepreneurship. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 14(5), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.14.5.201910.93
  11. Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P.(1989). Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250100107
  12. De Bruin, A., Brush, C. G., & Welter, F.(2006). Introduction to the Special Issue: Towards Building Cumulative Knowledge on Women's Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 585-593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00137.x
  13. DeMartino, R., Barbato, R., & Jacques, P. H.(2006). Exploring the Career/achievement and Personal Life Orientation Differences between Entrepreneurs and Nonentrepreneurs: the Impact of Sex and Dependents. Journal of Small Business Management, 44(3), 350-68.
  14. De Vita, L., Mari, M., & Poggesi, S.(2014). Women Entrepreneurs In and From Developing Countries: Evidences From the Literature. European Management Journal, 32(3), 451-460.
  15. De Vos, A., Dewettinck, K., & Buyens, D.(2009). The Professional Career on the Right Track: A Study on the Interaction Between Career Self-Management and Organizational Career Management in Explaining Employee Outcomes. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18(1), 55-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320801966257
  16. De Vos, A., & Soens, N.(2008). Protean Attitude and Career Success: The Mediating Role of Self-Management. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(3), 449-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2008.08.007
  17. Drucker, P. F.(1985). Entrepreneurial Strategies. California Management Review, 27(2), 9-25. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165126
  18. Fiol, C. M.(1991). Managing Culture as a Competitive Resource: An Identity-Based View of Sustainable Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 191-211. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700112
  19. Hanson, S.(2009). Changing Places Through Women's Entrepreneurship. Economic Geogrphy, 85(3), 245-267. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2009.01033.x
  20. Henry, C., Foss, L., & Ahl, H.(2016). Gender and Entrepreneurship Research: A Review of Methodological Approaches. International Small Business Journal, 34(3), 217-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614549779
  21. Homburg, C., & Pflesser, C.(2000). A Multiple-Layer Model of Market-Oriented Organizational Culture: Measurement Issues and Performance Outcomes. Journal of Marketing Research, 37(4), 449-462.
  22. Hughes, M., & Morgan, R. E.(2007). Deconstructing the Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance at the Embryonic Stage of Firm Growth. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(5), 651-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2006.04.003
  23. Hurley, A. E.(1999). Incorporating Feminist Theories into Sociological Theories of Entrepreneurship. Women in Management Review, 14(2), 54-62. https://doi.org/10.1108/09649429910261396
  24. Jaworski, B. J., & Kohli, A. K.(1993). Market Orientation: Antecedents and Consequences. Journal of Marketing, 57(3), 53-70. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700304
  25. Jennings, J., & Brush, C.(2013). Research on Women Entrepreneurs: Challenges to (and from) the Broader Entrepreneurship Literature?. Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 661-713.
  26. Kim, Y. S., & Lee, I. H.(2022). Study on Characteristic Factors of Female Entrepreneurs for Vitalization of Female Entrepreneurship: Focusing on Case Studies. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 17(5), 49-65.
  27. King, Z.(2004). Career Self-management: Its Nature, Causes and Consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 112-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00052-6
  28. Koellinger, P., Minniti, M., & Schade, C.(2013). Gender Differences in Entrepreneurial Propensity. Oxford Bullentin of Economics and Statistics, 75(2), 213-234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2011.00689.x
  29. Kossek, E. R., Roberts, K., Fisher, S., & Demarr, B.(1998). Career Self-Management: A Quasi-Experimental Assessment of the Effects of a Training Intervention. Personnel Psychology, 51(4), 935-960. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1998.tb00746.x
  30. Kreiser, P. M., Marino, L. D., & Weaver, K. M.(2002). Assessing the Psychometric Properties of the Entrepreneurial Scale: A Multi-country Analysis. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 26(4), 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870202600405
  31. Kusunoki, K., Nonaka, I., & Nagata, A.(1998). Organizational Capabilities in Product Development of Japanese Firms: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Findings. Organization Science, 9(6), 625-753. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.9.6.625
  32. Lee, J. H., & Venkataraman, S.(2006). Aspirations, Market Offerings, and the Pursuil of Entrepreneurial Opportunities. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(1), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.01.002
  33. Lee, J. H., & Lee, J. K.(2010). The Role of Communication in Producing Creative Outcomes in Organizational Collectivism. Korean Journal of Business Administration, 23(1), 183-203.
  34. Lee, M. K., & Lee, Y. J.(2013). A Study on Impacts of Entrepreneurship on National Economic Growth: Focusing on GEM Data. Asia Pacific Journal of Small Business, 35(4), 217-234.
  35. Lee, S. W., & Park, S. H.(2020). The Relationships Among Horizontal Organizational Culture, Dynamic Tension of MCS, and Innovativeness. Review of Accounting and Policy Studies, 25(4), 223-243. https://doi.org/10.21737/RAPS.2020.11.25.4.223
  36. Lim, E. Y.(2020). Female Entrepreneurship/Enterprise Research in the Asia Pacific Journal of Small Business: Review and Future Research Direction. Asia Pacific Journal of Small Business, 42(3), 77-100. https://doi.org/10.36491/APJSB.42.3.4
  37. Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G.(1996). Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It To Performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172. https://doi.org/10.2307/258632
  38. Matsuno, K., Mentzer, J. T., & Ozsomer, A.(2002). The Effects of Entrepreneurial Proclivity and Market Orientation on Business Performance. Journal of Marketing, 66(3), 18-32. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.66.3.18.18507
  39. Mattis, M. C.(2004). Women Entrepreneurs: Out From Under the Glass Ceiling. Women in Management Review, 19(3), 154-163. https://doi.org/10.1108/09649420410529861
  40. Meyer, N.(2018). Research on Female Entrepreneurship: Are We Doing Enough?. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 17(2), 158-169. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2018.17.2.14
  41. Miller, D.(1983). The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Three Types of Firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770-792. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770
  42. Oh, H. M., Lee, C. Y., & Kim, J. S.(2014). The Study on the Women Entrepreneurs' Psychological, Environmental, Personal Factors Affecting on Entrepreneurial Motivation and Performance. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 9(2), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.9.2.201404.45
  43. Oh, J. S., & Kim, Y. H.(2016). The Case Study of the Management Style of Korean Married Women Entrepreneurs: Based on the Work-Life Balance Strategy. Asia Pacific Journal of Small Business, 38(4), 27-52.
  44. Orpen, C.(1994). The Effects of Organizational and Individual Career Management on Career Success. International Journal of Manpower, 15(1), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437729410053617
  45. Park, C. W.(2016). A Study on the Effect of Entrepreneurship and Self-Efficacy on Knowledge Management: Focusing on Female CEO. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 11(6), 11-26. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.11.6.201612.11
  46. Poggesi, S., Mari, M., & De Vita, L.(2016). What's New in Female Entrepreneurship Research? Answers from the Literature. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12, 735-764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-015-0364-5
  47. Saffold, G. S.(1988). Cultural Traits, Strengths, and Organizational Performance: Moving Beyond "Strong" Culture. Academy of Management Review, 13(4), 546-558.
  48. Schumpeter, J. A.(1934). Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital Credit, Interest and the Business Cycle. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  49. Schumpeter, J. A.(1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper & Brothers.
  50. Sexton, D. L., & Bowman, N. B.(1986). Validation of a Personality Index: Comparative Psychological Characteristics Analysis of Female Entrepreneurs, Managers, Entrepreneurship Students and Business Students. In ROnstadt, R., Hornaday, J. A., Peterson, R., & Vesper, K. H. (Eds.). Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 40-61. Wellesley, MA: Babson College.
  51. Simoneaux, S., & Stroud, C.(2014). A Strong Corporate Culture is Key to Success. Journal of Pension Benefits, 22(1), 51-53.
  52. Sullivan, S. E.(1999). The Changing Nature of Careers: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Management, 25(3), 457-484. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639902500308
  53. Sullivan, D. M., & Meek, W. R.(2012). Gender and Entrepreneurship: A Review and Process Model. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(5), 428-458. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941211235373
  54. Triandis, H. C., & Gelfand, M. J.(1998). Converging Measurement of Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 118-128. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.118
  55. Verheul, I., Stel, A. V., & Thurik, R.(2006). Explaining Female and Male Entrepreneurship at the Country Level. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 18(2), 151-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620500532053
  56. Walker, E. A., & Webster, B. J.(2007). Gender, Age and Self-employment: Some Things Change, Some Stay the Same. Women in Management Review, 22(2), 122-135. https://doi.org/10.1108/09649420710732088
  57. Weber, Y., & Tarba, S. Y.(2012). Mergers and Acquisitions Process: The Use of Corporate Culture Aanalysis. Cross-Cultural Management: An International Journal, 19(3), 288-303.