Anxiety and mood (대한불안의학회지)

Korean Academy of Anxiety Disorders (대한불안의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the Believability of Anxious Feelings and Thoughts Questionnaire (K-BAFT)

한국어판 불안한 느낌과 사고에 대한 믿음성 질문지의 심리측정적 특성

  • Sang Won Lee (Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Ho Seok Seo (Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital) ;
  • Mina Choi (Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Seung Jae Lee (Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
  • 이상원 (경북대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 서호석 (경북대학교병원 정신건강의학과) ;
  • 최미나 (경북대학교 의공학연구실) ;
  • 이승재 (경북대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실)
  • Received : 2024.03.29
  • Accepted : 2024.04.23
  • Published : 2024.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective : Cognitive fusion, or believability, in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), refers to the tendency to become entangled in one's thoughts or feelings. It is an important factor in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. However, there is a lack of validated self-report measures for cognitive fusion and defusion, particularly for individuals with anxiety. To address this gap, this study aimed to evaluate the Korean Version of Believability of Anxious Feelings and Thoughts Questionnaire (K-BAFT). Methods : A total of 608 university students and 85 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) took part in this study. They were asked to complete various psychological measures, including the K-BAFT, other measures of ACT processes, and symptom scales. The researchers then analyzed the psychometric characteristics of the K-BAFT. Results : The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the three-factor structure of the K-BAFT, which was reported in the original study, was also found in the university sample. Additionally, both the student and the OCD group demonstrated strong internal consistency (α=0.86 and 0.91, respectively). In the university sample, the K-BAFT showed a strong correlation with the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (rs=0.53, p<0.001). However, it had a weak correlation with symptoms scales for depression, anxiety, and stress (all rs<0.32). Furthermore, the OCD group had higher scores on the K-BAFT compared to the university sample. Conclusion : K-BAFT is considered to be a reliable and valid self-report tool for measuring cognitive fusion with anxious thoughts and feelings.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2021년도 정부의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임 (2021R1A2C2004720).

References

  1. Hayes SC, Strosahl KD, Wulson KG. Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. Guilford Press, 1999.
  2. Linehan MM. Cognitive behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. Guilford Press, New York, 1993.
  3. Segal ZV, Teasdale JD, Williams JMG. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy: theoretical rationale and empirical status. Guilford Press, New York, 2004.
  4. Ciarrochi J, Bailey A. A CBT practitioner's guide to ACT. New Harbinger Publications, Oakland, 2008.
  5. Hayes SC. Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behav Ther 2004;35:638-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80013-3
  6. Eifert GH, Forsyth JP. Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders: a practitioner's treatment guide to using mindfulness, acceptance, and values-based behavior change strategies. New Harbinger Publications, Inc., 2005.
  7. Luoma JB, Hayes SC, Walser RD. Learning ACT. Context Press, Oakland, 2017.
  8. Hayes SC, Luoma JB, Bond FW, Masuda A, Lillis J. Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes. Behav Res Ther 2006;44:1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006
  9. Arch JJ, Wolitzky-Taylor KB, Eifert GH, Craske MG. Longitudinal treatment mediation of traditional cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders. Behav Res Ther 2012;50:469-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.04.007
  10. Berghoff CR, Forsyth JP, Ritzert TR, Sheppard SC. Comparing paths to quality of life: contributions of ACT and cognitive therapy intervention targets in two highly anxious samples. J Context Behav Sci 2014;3:89-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.04.001
  11. Naragon-Gainey K, DeMarree KG. Structure and validity of measures of decentering and defusion. Psychol Assess 2017;29:935-954. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000405
  12. Ruiz FJ, Gil-Luciano B, Segura-Vargas MA. Cognitive defusion. In: Twohig MP, Levin ME and Petersen JM (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Oxford University Press, New York, 2021.
  13. Gillanders DT, Bolderston H, Bond FW, Dempster M, Flaxman PE, Campbell L, et al. The development and initial validation of the cognitive fusion questionnaire. Behav Ther 2014;45:83-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.09.001
  14. Benoy C, Knitter B, Schumann I, Bader K, Walter M Gloster AT. Treatment sensitivity: Its importance in the measurement of psychological flexibility. J Context Behav Sci 2019;13:121-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.07.005
  15. Ong CW, Lee E, Levin ME, Twohig MP. A review of AAQ variants and other context-specific measures of psychological flexibility. J Context Behav Sci 2019;12:329-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.02.007
  16. Herzberg KN, Sheppard SC, Forsyth JP, Crede M, Earleywine M, Eifert GH. The Believability of Anxious Feelings and Thoughts Questionnaire (BAFT): a psychometric evaluation of cognitive fusion in a nonclinical and highly anxious community sample. Psychol Assess 2012;24:877-891. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027782
  17. Zettle RD, Hayes SC. Dysfunctional control by client verbal behavior: the context of reason-giving. Anal Verbal Behav 1986;4:30-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03392813
  18. Mohammadipour M, Ardehaee FN. A psychometric indices of the Farsi version of the Believability of Anxious Feelings and Thoughts Questionnaire (BAFT). Int J Ment Health Addiction 2016;14:752-760. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-015-9624-4
  19. Ruiz FJ, Odriozola-Gonzalez P, Suarez-Falcon JC. The Spanish version of the believability of anxious feelings and thoughts questionnaire. Psicothema 2014;26:308-313.
  20. Lee SW, Choi M, Lee SJ. A randomized controlled trial of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Context Behav Sci 2023;27:45-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.11.009
  21. Lee SW, Choi M, Lee SJ. Is Acceptance and commitment therapy effective for any obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions? Psychitry Investig 2023;20:991-996. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2023.0109
  22. Forsyth JP, Eifert GH. The believability of anxious feelings and thoughts questionnaire. Authors, Albany, NY, 2008.
  23. Bond FW, Hayes SC, Baer RA, Carpenter KM, Guenole N, Orcutt HK, et al. Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II: a revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behav Ther 2011;42:676-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007
  24. Heo J, Choi M, Jin H. Study on the reliability and validity of Korean translated acceptance-action questionnaire-II. Korean J Counsel Psychotherapy 2009;21:861-878.
  25. McCracken LM, DaSilva P, Skillicorn B, Doherty R. The cognitive fusion questionnaire: a preliminary study of psychometric properties and prediction of functioning in chronic pain. Clin J Pain 2014;30:894-901. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000047
  26. Kim BO, Cho S. Psychometric properties of a Korean version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Soc Behav Pers 2015;43:1715-1724. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.10.1715
  27. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Beck Depression Inventory-second edition manual. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, 1996.
  28. Lee YH, Song JY. A study of the reliability and the validity of the BDI, SDS, and MMPI-D scales. Kor J Clin Psychol 1991;4:561-571.
  29. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988;56:893-897. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893
  30. Yook SP, Kim ZS. A clinical study on the Korean version of Beck Anxiety Inventory: comparative study of patient and non-patient. Korean J Clin Psychol 1997;16:185-197.
  31. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav 1983;24:385-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
  32. Lee J, Shin C, Ko YH, Lim J, Joe SH, Kim S, et al. The reliability and validity studies of the Korean version of the Perceived Stress Scale. Korean J Psychom Med 2012;20:127-134.
  33. Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Fleischmann RL, Hill CL, et al. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. I. Development, use, and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989;46:1006-1011. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007
  34. Seol SH, Kwon JS, Shin MS. Korean self-report version of the Yale-brown obsessive-compulsive scale: factor structure, reliability, and validity. Psychiatry Investig 2013;10:17-25. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2013.10.1.17
  35. Anderson J, Gerbing D. Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin 1988;103:411-423. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.103.3.411
  36. Schmitt TA. Current methodological considerations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. J Psychoeduc Assess 2011;29:304-321. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282911406653
  37. Hellberg SN, Buchholz JL, Twohig MP Abramowitz JS. Not just thinking, but believing: obsessive beliefs and domains of cognitive fusion in the prediction of OCD symptom dimensions. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020;27:69-78. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2409