Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank Mustansiriyah university (www.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq) Baghdad-Iraq for its support in the present work.
References
- Ahankari, S.S and Kar, K.K. (2010), "Hysteresis measurements and dynamic mechanical characterization of functionally graded natural rubber-carbon black composites", Polymer Eng. Sci., 50(5), 871-877. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.21601.
- Ahmed, R.A., Fenjan, R.M. and Faleh, N.M. (2019), "Analyzing post-buckling behavior of continuously graded FG nanobeams with geometrical imperfections", Geomech. Eng., 17(2), 175-180. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.17.2.175.
- Al-Maliki, A.F., Faleh, N.M. and Alasadi, A.A. (2019), "Finite element formulation and vibration of nonlocal refined metal foam beams with symmetric and non-symmetric porosities", Struct. Monit. Main., 6(2), 147-159. https://doi.org/10.12989/smm.2019.6.2.147.
- Al-Toki, M.H., Ali, H.A., Ahmed, R.A., Faleh, N.M. and Fenjan, R.M. (2022), "A numerical study on vibration behavior of fiberreinforced composite panels in thermal environments", Struct. Eng. Mech., 82(6), 691-699. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2022.82.6.691.
- Barati, M.R. (2017), "Nonlocal-strain gradient forced vibration analysis of metal foam nanoplates with uniform and graded porosities," Adv. Nano Res., 5(4), 393-414. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2017.5.4.393.
- Barati, M.R. and Zenkour, A.M. (2018), "Analysis of postbuckling of graded porous GPL-reinforced beams with geometrical imperfection", Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct., 26(6), 503-511. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2017.1400622.
- Du, H., Gao, H.J. and Dai Pang, S. (2016), "Improvement in concrete resistance against water and chloride ingress by adding graphene nanoplatelet", Cement Concrete Res., 83, 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.02.005.
- Esawi, A.M.K., Morsi, K., Sayed, A., Taher, M. and Lanka, S. (2011), "The influence of carbon nanotube (CNT) morphology and diameter on the processing and properties of CNTreinforced aluminium composites", Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manufact., 42(3), 234-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.11.008
- Faleh, N.M., Abboud, I.K. and Nori, A. F. (2020), "Nonlinear stability of smart nonlocal magneto-electro-thermo-elastic beams with geometric imperfection and piezoelectric phase effects", Smart Struct. Systems, 25(6), 707-717. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.25.6.707.
- Fang, M., Wang, K., Lu, H., Yang, Y. and Nutt, S. (2009), "Covalent polymer functionalization of graphene nanosheets and mechanical properties of composites", J. Mater. Chemistry, 19(38), 7098-7105. https://doi.org/10.1039/B908220D.
- Fenjan, R.M., Ahmed, R.A., Alasadi, A.A. and Faleh, N.M. (2019), "Nonlocal strain gradient thermal vibration analysis of doublecoupled metal foam plate system with uniform and non-uniform porosities", Coup. Syst. Mech., 8(3), 247-257. https://doi.org/10.12989/csm.2019.8.3.247.
- Feng, C., Kitipornchai, S. and Yang, J. (2017). Nonlinear free vibration of functionally graded polymer composite beams reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs)", Eng. Struct., 140, 110-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.02.052.
- Gojny, F.H., Wichmann, M.H.G., Kopke, U., Fiedler, B. and Schulte, K. (2004), "Carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxycomposites: enhanced stiffness and fracture toughness at low nanotube content", Compos. Sci. Technol., 64(15), 2363-2371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.04.002
- King, J.A., Klimek, D.R., Miskioglu, I. and Odegard, G.M. (2013). "Mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelet/epoxy composites", J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 128(6), 4217-4223. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.38645.
- Kitipornchai, S., Chen, D. and Yang, J. (2017), "Free vibration and elastic buckling of functionally graded porous beams reinforced by graphene platelets", Mater. Des., 116, 656-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.12.061.
- Lal, A. and Markad, K. (2018), "Deflection and stress behaviour of multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced laminated composite beams", Comput. Concrete, 22(6), 501-514. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2018.22.6.501.
- Liew, K.M., Lei, Z.X. and Zhang, L.W. (2015), "Mechanical analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composites: a review", Compos. Struct., 120, 90-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.09.041.
- Lin, F., Yang, C., Zeng, Q.H. and Xiang, Y. (2018), "Morphological and mechanical properties of graphenereinforced PMMA nanocomposites using a multiscale analysis", Comput. Mater. Sci., 150, 107-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2018.03.048
- Metwally, I.M. (2014), "Three-dimensional finite element analysis of reinforced concrete slabs strengthened with epoxy-bonded steel plates", Adv. Concrete Construct., 2(2), 091. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2014.2.2.091.
- Mirjavadi, S.S., Forsat, M., Mollaee, S., Barati, M.R., Afshari, B. M. and Hamouda, A.M.S. (2020a), "Post-buckling analysis of geometrically imperfect nanoparticle reinforced annular sector plates under radial compression", Comput. Concrete, 26(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2020.26.1.021.
- Mirjavadi, S.S., Forsat, M., Barati, M.R. and Hamouda, A.M.S. (2020b), "Assessment of transient vibrations of graphene oxide reinforced plates under pulse loads using finite strip method", Comput. Concrete, 25(6), 575-585. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2020.25.6.575.
- Mohammed, A., Sanjayan, J.G., Nazari, A. and Al-Saadi, N.T.K. (2017), "Effects of graphene oxide in enhancing the performance of concrete exposed to high-temperature", Australian J. Civil Eng., 15(1), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2017.1372849.
- Nieto, A., Bisht, A., Lahiri, D., Zhang, C. and Agarwal, A. (2017), "Graphene reinforced metal and ceramic matrix composites: a review", Int. Mater. Rev., 62(5), 241-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2016.1219481
- Rafiee, M.A., Rafiee, J., Wang, Z., Song, H., Yu, Z.Z. and Koratkar, N. (2009), "Enhanced mechanical properties of nanocomposites at low graphene content", ACS Nano, 3(12), 3884-3890. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn9010472.
- Rezaiee-Pajand, M., Masoodi, A.R. and Mokhtari, M. (2018), "Static analysis of functionally graded non-prismatic sandwich beams", Adv. Comput. Des., 3(2), 165-190. https://doi.org/10.12989/acd.2018.3.2.165.
- Shamsaei, E., de Souza, F.B., Yao, X., Benhelal, E., Akbari, A. and Duan, W. (2018), "Graphene-based nanosheets for stronger and more durable concrete: A review", Construct. Build. Mater., 183, 642-660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.201.
- Shen, H.S., Xiang, Y., Lin, F. and Hui, D. (2017), "Buckling and postbuckling of functionally graded graphene-reinforced composite laminated plates in thermal environments", Compos. Part B: Eng., 119, 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.03.020.
- Song, M., Kitipornchai, S. and Yang, J. (2017), "Free and forced vibrations of functionally graded polymer composite plates reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets", Compos. Struct., 159, 579-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.09.070.
- Wang, L. and Su, R.K.L. (2013), "A unified design procedure for preloaded rectangular RC columns strengthened with postcompressed plates", Adv. Concrete Construct., 1(2), 163. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2013.1.2.163.
- Yang, B., Yang, J. and Kitipornchai, S. (2017), "Thermoelastic analysis of functionally graded graphene reinforced rectangular plates based on 3D elasticity", Meccanica, 52(10), 2275-2292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-016-0579-8.
- Zaheer, M.M., Jafri, M.S. and Sharma, R. (2019), "Effect of diameter of MWCNT reinforcements on the mechanical properties of cement composites", Adv. Concrete Construct., 8(3), 207-215. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2019.8.3.207.
- Zhang, L.W. (2017), "On the study of the effect of in-plane forces on the frequency parameters of CNT-reinforced composite skew plates", Compos. Struct., 160, 824-837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.10.116.
- Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Wu, H., Zhang, H., Wu, H., Jiang, S. and Chai, G. (2020), "Mechanical analysis of functionally graded graphene oxide-reinforced composite beams based on the first-order shear deformation theory", Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct., 27, 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2018.1444216.