한국산업보건학회지 (Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene)

  • 제34권1호
  • /
  • Pages.67-76
  • /
  • 2024
  • /
  • 2384-132X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2289-0564(eISSN)
한국산업보건학회 (Korean Industrial Hygiene Association)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

총휘발성유기화합물 측정 직독식장비 정확도 향상을 위한 현장보정계수 활용 연구

Preliminary Study on Effect of the Field Correlation Factor for Increasing of the Accuracy in a Direct Reading Instruments on Photoionization Detector for Total Volatile Organic Compounds

  • 김성호 (한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원) ;
  • 이광용 (한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원) ;
  • 김수진 (한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원) ;
  • 박해동 (한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원)
  • Sungho Kim (Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency) ;
  • Gwangyong Yi (Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency) ;
  • Sujin Kim (Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency) ;
  • Hae Dong Park (Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency)
  • 투고 : 2024.02.13
  • 심사 : 2024.03.27
  • 발행 : 2024.03.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Objectives: Direct reading instruments (DRIs) are widely used by industrial hygienists and other experts for preliminary survey and identifying source locations in many industrial fields. Photoionization detectors (PIDs), which are a form of hand-held portable DRIs, have been used for a variety of airborne vaporized chemicals, especially evaporated hydrocarbon solvents. The benefits of PIDs are high sensitivity between each chemical, competitive price, and portability. With the goal of increasing the accuracy of logged PID concentrations, previous studies have performed tests for the assessment of single chemical compounds, not mixtures. The purpose of this preliminary study was to measure mixtures with a PID and charcoal tube at the same time and compare the accuracy between them. Methods: A chamber test was implemented with different mixtures of hydrocarbon chemicals (acetone, isopropyl alcohol, toluene, m-xylene) and levels in the range of 14 to 864 ppm. Three PIDs and charcoal tubes were connected to the chamber and measured the chemical mixtures simultaneously. A comparison of accuracy and the PID group of concentrations with manufacture correction factor (M_CF) and field correction factor (F_CF) applied was performed. Results: The accuracy of the PID concentrations data-logged from the PID did not meet the accuracy criteria except for the mixture level B and C logged from PID No. 2, which was 18% of all tests for meeting accuracy criteria. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of concentration (ppm) of the charcoal tube followed by each mixtures' level were 10.37±0.26, 155.33±5.28, 300.80±11.65, and 774.93±22.65, respectively. When applying F_CF into the PID concentrations, the accuracy increased by nearly 82%. However, in the case of M_CF, none met the accuracy criterion. Between the PID there were differences of logged concentrations. Conclusions: In this preliminary study, the concentration of a logged PID with F_CF applied was a better way to increase accuracy compared to applying M_CF. We suggest that additional research is necessary to consider environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Barsky JB, Hee SS, Clark CS. An evaluation of the response of some portable, direct-reading 10.2 eV and 11.8 eVP photoionization detectors, and a flame ionization gas chromatograph for organic vapors in high humidity atmospheres. J Am Ind Hyg Assoc 1985:46(1):9-14 https://doi.org/10.1080/15298668591394293
  2. Barsky JB, Hee SS, Clark CS, Trapp JH. Simultaneous multi-instrumental monitoring of vapors in sewer headspaces by several direct-reading instruments. Environ Res 1986:39:307-320 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-9351(86)80057-3
  3. Choi DM, Choi YE, Yoon CS, Lee KW, Lee YE et al. Laboratory evaluation of the accuracy, precision, and inter-instrumental variance of a portable photoionization detector. J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2012:22(3):200-208
  4. Coffey CC, LeBouf R, Lee L, Slaven J, Martin S. Effect of calibration and environmental condition on the performance of direct-reading organic vapor monitors. J Occup Environ Hyg 2012:9(11):670-680 https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2012.725015
  5. Coffey CC, Pearce TA, Lawrence RB, Hudnall JB, Slaven JE et al. Measurement capability of field portable organic vapor monitoring instruments under different experimental conditions. J Occup Environ Hyg 2008:6:1-8 https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620802514728
  6. Coy JD, Bigelow PL, Buchan RM, Tessari JD, Parnell JO. Field evaluation of a portable photoionization detector for assessing exposure to solvent mixtures. J Am Ind Hyg Assoc 2000:61:268-274 https://doi.org/10.1202/0002-8894(2000)061<0268:FEOAPP>2.0.CO;2
  7. Drummond I. On-the-fly calibration of direct reading photoionization detectors. J Am Ind Hyg Assoc 1997:58:820-822 https://doi.org/10.1202/0002-8894(1997)058<0820:OCODRP>2.0.CO;2
  8. Ion Science. PID gas detectors in industrial hygiene applications. Ion Science 2020. Avaliable from: URL: https://ionscience.com/usa/applications/pid-gas-detectors-in-industrial-hygiene-applications/
  9. Jang M, Yi G, Jeon H. Development of passive samplers for volatile organic compounds. J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2022:32(4): 359-370
  10. Khoshakhlagh AH, Golbabaei F, Beygzadeh M, Carrasco-Marin F, Shahtaheri SJ. Evaluation of direct reading photoionization detector performance under various operational parameters. HEMJ 2021:8(2):123-128 https://doi.org/10.34172/EHEM.2021.15
  11. Kim SH, Park HD, Hwang ES. Review paper for characterization of photoionization detector-direct reading monitors. J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2023:33(2):93-102
  12. Kim W, Kim YK, You YS, Jung KH, Choi WJ et al. Development of an IoT smart sensor for detecting gaseous materials. J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2022:32(1):78-88 https://doi.org/10.30693/SMJ.2022.11.11.32
  13. LeBouf RF, Coffey CC. Effect of interferents on the performance of direct-reading organic vapor monitors. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2015:65(3):261-269 https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2014.986308
  14. LeBouf RF, Slaven JE, Coffey CC. Effect of calibration environment on the performance of direct-reading organic vapor monitors. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2013:63(5):528-533 https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2013.772926
  15. Lee IN, Hee Q, Clark CS. Additivity of detector responses of a portable direct-reading 10.2 eV photoionization detector and a flame ionization gas chromatograph for atomospheres of multicomponent organics: use of PID/FID ratios. J Am Ind Hyg Assoc 1987:48(5):437-441 https://doi.org/10.1202/0002-8894(1987)048<0437:AODROA>2.0.CO;2
  16. NIOHS, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Components for evaluation of direct-reading monitors for gases and vapors. NIOSH publication no. 2012-162. p. 39-45
  17. Rismanchian M, Golbabaei F, Mortazzavi Y, Pourtaghi G, Fproushani AR. Evaluation of photoionization detector performance in photocatalytic studies for removing volatile organic compounds. Int J Env Health Eng 2012:1(5):1-7 https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9183.102383
  18. Ministry of Employment and Labor (MoEL). Threshold limit values for chemical and physical substances. MoEL 2020-48. p. 40-57
  19. National Institute of Occupational Health (NIOSH). NIOSH manual of analytical methods (NMAM), Hydrocarbons, aromatic, Method 1501. NIOSH. 4th rev. 2003. p. 1-7
  20. Poirot P, Subra I, Gerardin F, Baudin V, Grossmann S et al. Determination of short-term exposure with a direct reading photoionization detector. Ann Occup Hyg 2004:1:75-84
  21. RAE. A guideline for PID instrument response. Technical Note TN-106 2005. p. 2-13
  22. Xu W, Cal Y, Go S et al. New understanding of miniaturized VOCs monitoring device: PID-type sensors performance evaluations in ambient air. Sens. and Actua. B: Chem 2021:330(1)
  23. Yang SB, Yu MS, Woo KB. A case study on the measurement volatile organic compounds and total hydrocarbon concentrations in block paint-shops at a shipyard. J of Envoron Sci Int 2016:25(8):1177-1189 https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2016.25.8.1177
  24. Yeo JH, Choi KM. Comparative analysis between direct-reading meter of PID and GC-FID using the active type air sampler for VOCs measurement. J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2016:26(3):301-306 https://doi.org/10.15269/JKSOEH.2016.26.3.301