Journal of Veterinary Science

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
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Morphology of the aortic arch branching pattern in raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides, Gray, 1834)

  • Euiyong Lee (Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Young-Jin Jang (Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • In-Shik Kim (Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Hyun-Jin Tae (Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Jeoungha Sim (Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, Jeonju University) ;
  • Dongchoon Ahn (Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2023.12.03
  • Accepted : 2024.02.12
  • Published : 2024.03.31
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Abstract

Background: Aortic arch (AA) branching patterns vary among different mammalian species. Most previous studies have focused on dogs, whereas those on raccoon dogs remain unexplored. Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the AA branching pattern in raccoon dogs and compare their morphological features with those of other carnivores. Methods: We prepared silicone cast specimens from a total of 36 raccoon dog carcasses via retrograde injection through the abdominal aorta. The brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) branching patterns were classified based on the relationship between the left and right common carotid arteries. The subclavian artery (SB) branching pattern was examined based on the order of the four major branches: the vertebral artery (VT), costocervical trunk (CCT), superficial cervical artery (SC), and internal thoracic artery (IT). Results: In most cases (88.6%), the BCT branched off from the left common carotid artery and terminated in the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries. In the remaining cases (11.4%), the BCT formed a bicarotid trunk. The SB exhibited various branching patterns, with 26 observed types. Based on the branching order of the four major branches, we identified the main branching pattern, in which the VT branched first (98.6%), the CCT branched second (81.9%), the SC branched third (62.5%), and the IT branched fourth (52.8%). Conclusions: The AA branching pattern in raccoon dogs exhibited various branching patterns with both similarities and differences compared to other carnivores.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors express their gratitude to the Jeonbuk Wildlife Rescue Center and Kangwon Wildlife Rescue Center for providing the raccoon dog carcasses.

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