Journal of Industrial Convergence (산업융합연구)

DAEHAN Society of Industrial Management (대한산업경영학회)
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A Study on Decision Making Factors Affecting Bank Performance: Focusing on US Banks

은행의 성과에 영향을 미치는 의사결정 요인에 관한 연구: 미국은행을 중심으로

  • 최익성 (연세대학교 기술정책협동과정) ;
  • 김제성 (연세대학교 경제학과)
  • Received : 2023.12.13
  • Accepted : 2024.02.20
  • Published : 2024.02.28
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Abstract

This study investigates what decisions have an impact on bank performance. A panel regression analysis was conducted using data from the financial statements of banks located in the United States from 2013 to 2022, and the effects of explanatory variables were examined through hierarchical panel regression analysis divided into financial decision-making and management decision-making. In addition, by analyzing performance separately from the creditor and shareholder perspectives (hereinafter referred to as overall) and from the shareholder perspective alone, it suggests which elements should be utilized and how to improve performance from each perspective. When a panel regression analysis was performed using only liquidity and stability, dependency on deposits and the interest coverage ratio had a statistically significant impact from the perspective of overall performance, and the debt ratio also had a statistically significant impact from the perspective of shareholder performance. When adding non-technical factors, only the labor cost ratio among non-technical factors was found to be statistically significant from the overall performance perspective, and although the non-technical factors were not statistically significant from the shareholder performance perspective, the cash ratio was found to have a statistically significant impact. Lastly, when adding technical innovation elements, the intangible asset ratio was not statistically significant from the overall performance perspective, but was significant from the shareholder performance perspective. The significance and implications of this study are that there are differences in factors that can affect the performance of overall or shareholder and that various decision-making factors can affect a bank's performance.

본 연구는 은행 성과와 관련하여 어떠한 의사결정이 영향을 미치는지 연구하고 있다. 2013년부터 2022년까지 미국에 소재한 은행의 재무제표상 자료를 이용하여 패널회귀분석을 진행하였으며, 재무적 의사결정, 경영 의사결정으로 나누어 위계적 패널회귀분석을 통해 설명변수의 효과를 살펴본다. 또한, 채권자와 주주 관점(이하 전체)과 주주만의 관점으로 성과를 나누어 분석함으로써, 각 관점의 성과를 제고시키기 위해서는 어떠한 요소를 어떻게 활용해야 하는지를 제시하고 있다. 유동성과 안정성만으로 패널회귀분석을 수행했을 시 전체 성과 관점에서는 예금 의존도와 이자보상비율이, 주주 성과 관점에서는 부채비율도 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 비기술적 요소까지 더할 시엔 전체 성과 관점에서는 비기술적 요소 중 인건비 비중만이 통계적으로 유의하게 도출되었고 주주 성과 관점에서는 비기술적 요소가 통계적으로 유의하게 도출되진 않았지만, 현금비율은 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 도출되었다. 마지막으로 기술적 혁신요소까지 더할 시에는 전체 성과 관점에서는 무형자산 비중이 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 도출되지 않았지만, 주주 성과 관점에서는 유의하게 도출되었다. 이해관계자의 성과 관점에 따라 미칠 수 있는 요인이 차이가 있다는 점, 그리고 다양한 의사결정 요소가 은행의 성과에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 점이 본 연구의 의의 및 시사점이다.

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