DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Computed Tomographic Features of Gallbladder Agenesis in a Golden Retriever

  • Yujung Lee (College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Dongjun Kim (College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Jeongin Choi (College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Youngwon Lee (College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Hojung Choi (College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2024.01.09
  • Accepted : 2024.02.13
  • Published : 2024.02.28

Abstract

A two-year-old, intact female Golden Retriever had previously been diagnosed with a portosystemic shunt (PSS) during an ultrasonographic examination at a local animal hospital. The serum biochemistry revealed elevated liver enzymes and bile acid levels. The abdominal radiographic examination revealed mild serosal detail loss and microhepatica, while abdominal ultrasonography revealed mild ascites and high-velocity flow to the caudal vena cava (CVC) suspected as a PSS. The gallbladder was not observed within the hepatic parenchyma during ultrasonography. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an absent gallbladder and dilation of the common bile duct (CBD). Dilations of the gastroduodenal, splenic, colic and renal veins were also observed. A dilated left phrenico-abdominal vein that entered the CVC was previously misinterpreted as a PSS on the ultrasound examination. Based on the imaging examinations, the dog was diagnosed with congenital gallbladder agenesis associated CBD dilation.

Keywords

References

  1. Austin B, Tillson DM, Kuhnt LA. Gallbladder agenesis in a Maltese dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2006; 42: 308-311. https://doi.org/10.5326/0420308
  2. Baltazar U, Dunn J, Gonzalez-Diaz S, Browder W. Agenesis of the gallbladder. South Med J 2000; 93: 914-915. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-200009000-00016
  3. Bani-Hani KE. Agenesis of the gallbladder: difficulties in management. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 20: 671-675. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.03740.x
  4. Bertolini G. Acquired portal collateral circulation in the dog and cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51: 25-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01616.x
  5. Carneiro C, Ventosa AR, Patricio H, Brito JD. Portosystemic collateral pathways on portal hypertension: a comprehensive review on MDCT. In: 29th Annual Conference of the European Congress of Radiology. Vienna: European Society of Radiology, 2017: C-2166.
  6. Colagrande S, Centi N, La Villa G, Villari N. Transient hepatic attenuation differences. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004; 183: 459-464. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.183.2.1830459
  7. d'Anjou MA, Penninck D, Cornejo L, Pibarot P. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of portosystemic shunting in dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2004; 45: 424-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04076.x
  8. Desser TS. Understanding transient hepatic attenuation differences. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2009; 30: 408-417. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2009.07.003
  9. Gojska-Zygner O, Galanty M, Degorska B, Frymus J, Zygner W. Congenital gallbladder agenesis in a 9-month-old Bull Terrier. Vet Med - Czech 2021; 66: 305-312. https://doi.org/10.17221/135/2020-VETMED
  10. Jackson RJ, McClellan D. Agenesis of the gallbladder. A cause of false-positive ultrasonography. Am Surg 1989; 55: 36-40.
  11. Jaffey JA. Canine hepatobiliary anatomy, physiology and congenital disorders. J Small Anim Pract 2022; 63: 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13410
  12. Kelly D, Moreno-Aguado B, Lamb V. Gallbladder agenesis in a dog: clinicopathological, histopathology, and computed tomography findings. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2019; 55: e55602.
  13. Kim SG, Kang MH, Park HM. Gallbladder agenesis in a Miniature Pinscher: computed tomographic and ultrasonographic features. J Vet Clin 2013; 30: 111-114.
  14. Kim Y, Kim SS, Kwon D, Im D, Lee K, Yoon H. Computed tomographic quantitative evaluation of common bile duct size in normal dogs: a reference range study considering body weight. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10: 1137400.
  15. Lautt WW. Regulatory processes interacting to maintain hepatic blood flow constancy: vascular compliance, hepatic arterial buffer response, hepatorenal reflex, liver regeneration, escape from vasoconstriction. Hepatol Res 2007; 37: 891-903. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1872-034X.2007.00148.x
  16. Liptak JM, Swinney GR, Rothwell TL, Hunt GB. Aplasia of the gallbladder in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2000; 41: 175-177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03190.x
  17. Malde S. Gallbladder agenesis diagnosed intra-operatively: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2010; 4: 285.
  18. Mamone G, Carollo V, Cortis K, Aquilina S, Liotta R, Miraglia R. Magnetic resonance imaging of fibropolycystic liver disease: the spectrum of ductal plate malformations. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44: 2156-2171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-019-01966-9
  19. Mattolini M, Citi S, Gianni B, Carozzi G, Caleri E, Puccinelli C, et al. CT features of divisional bile ducts in healthy Labrador Retrievers. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64: 448-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.13222
  20. Noguchi A, Iwanaga T, Miura N, Sogawa T, Fujiki M. Common bile duct perforation due to choledocholithiasis in a cat with gallbladder agenesis. JFMS Open Rep 2023; 9: 20551169221146513.
  21. Peloponissios N, Gillet M, Cavin R, Halkic N. Agenesis of the gallbladder: a dangerously misdiagnosed malformation. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11: 6228-6231. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i39.6228
  22. Pillai S, Center SA, McDonough SP, Demarco J, Pintar J, Henderson AK, et al. Ductal plate malformation in the liver of Boxer dogs: clinical and histological features. Vet Pathol 2016; 53: 602-613. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985815610567
  23. Pressel MA, Fox LE, Apley MD, Simutis FJ. Vancomycin for multidrug resistant Enterococcus faecium cholangiohepatitis in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 2005; 7: 317-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2005.01.001
  24. Salazar MC, Brownson KE, Nadzam GS, Duffy A, Roberts KE. Gallbladder agenesis: a case report. Yale J Biol Med 2018; 91: 237-241.
  25. Sato K, Sakai M, Hayakawa S, Sakamoto Y, Kagawa Y, Kutara K, et al. Gallbladder agenesis in 17 dogs: 2006-2016. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32: 188-194. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15034
  26. Singh B, Satyapal KS, Moodley J, Haffejee AA. Congenital absence of the gall bladder. Surg Radiol Anat 1999; 21: 221-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01630907
  27. Vitullo I, Bobis-Villagra D, Veiga-Parga T, Vilaseca C, Tarrega AB. Gall bladder agenesis in a crossbreed dog. Vet Rec Case Rep 2023; 11: e728.