Geomechanics and Engineering

  • 제36권2호
  • /
  • Pages.157-166
  • /
  • 2024
  • /
  • 2005-307X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-6219(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Acceleration amplification characteristics of embankment reinforced with rubble mound

  • Jung-Won Yun (Department of Civil Engineering, Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon) ;
  • Jin-Tae Han (Department of Geotechnical Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Jae-Kwang Ahn (Earthquake and Volcano Technology Team, Korea Meteorological Administration)
  • 투고 : 2023.10.04
  • 심사 : 2023.12.26
  • 발행 : 2024.01.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Generally, the rubble mound installed on the slope embankment of the open-type wharf is designed based on the impact of wave force, with no consideration for the impact of seismic force. Therefore, in this study, dynamic centrifuge model test results were analyzed to examine the acceleration amplification of embankment reinforced with rubble mound under seismic conditions. The experimental results show that when rubble mounds were installed on the ground surface of the embankment, acceleration response of embankment decreased by approximately 22%, and imbalance in ground settlement decreased significantly from eight to two times. Furthermore, based on the experimental results, one-dimensional site response (1DSR) analyses were conducted. The analysis results indicated that reinforcing the embankment with rubble mound can decrease the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and short period response (below 0.6 seconds) of the ground surface by approximately 28%. However, no significant impact on the long period response (above 0.6 seconds) was observed. Additionally, in ground with lower relative density, a significant decrease in response and wide range of reduced periods were observed. Considering that the reduced short period range corresponds to the critical periods in the design response spectrum, reinforcing the loose ground with rubble mound can effectively decrease the acceleration response of the ground surface.

키워드

과제정보

This research was supported by the "Korea Institute of Marine Science & Technology Promotion (KIMST) (No. 2016-0065)" and by the "National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2022R1F1A1071805).

참고문헌

  1. Al Atik, L. and Abrahamson, N. (2010), "An improved method for nonstationary spectral matching", Earthq. Spectra, 26(3), 601-617. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3459159.
  2. Balomenos, G.P. and Padgett, J.E. (2018), "Fragility analysis of pile-supported wharves and piers exposed to storm surge and waves", J. Wat., Port, Coast. Ocean Eng., 144(2), 04017046. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000436.
  3. Cihan, K. and Yuksel, Y. (2011), "Deformation of rubble-mound breakwaters under cyclic loads", Coast. Eng., 58(6), 528-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.02.002.
  4. Dammala, P.K., Krishna, A.M., Bhattacharya, S., Nikitas, G. and Rouholamin, M. (2017), "Dynamic soil properties for seismic ground response studies in Northeastern India", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 100, 357-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.06.003.
  5. Darendeli, M.B. (2001), "Development of a new family of normalized modulus reduction and material damping curves", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, Texas.
  6. EduPro Civil Systems, Inc. (2017), ProShake: Ground response analysis program version 2.0, User's manual.
  7. Hudson, R.Y. (1959), "Laboratory investigation of rubble-mound breakwaters", J. Wat. Harb. Div., 85(3), 93-121. https://doi.org/10.1061/JWHEAU.0000142.
  8. Lee, H.J., Locat, J., Desgagnes, P., Parsons, J.D., McAdoo, B.G., Orange, D.L., Puig, P., Wong, F.L., Dartnell, P. and Boulanger, E. (2007), "Submarine mass movements on continental margins", Continental margin sedimentation: from sediment transport to sequence stratigraphy, 37, 213-274. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444304398.ch5
  9. Lee, S.H., Kim, D.S., Choo, Y.W. and Choo, H.K. (2009), "Estimation of dynamic material properties for fill dam: II. Nonlinear Deformation Characteristics", J. Kor. Geotech. Soc., 25(12), 87-105 (in Korean).
  10. Lee, S.H., Choo, Y.W. and Kim, D.S. (2013), "Performance of an equivalent shear beam (ESB) model container for dynamic geotechnical centrifuge tests", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 44, 102-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.09.008.
  11. Lee, J.H., Ahn, J.K. and Park, D. (2015), "Prediction of seismic displacement of dry mountain slopes composed of a soft thin uniform layer", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 79, 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.08.008.
  12. Lees, A.S. and Richards, D.J. (2011), "Centrifuge modelling of temporary roadway systems subject to rolling type loading", Geomech. Eng., 3(1), 45-59. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2011.3.1.045.
  13. McCullough, N.J., Dickenson, S.E., Schlechter, S.M. and Boland, J.C. (2007), "Centrifuge seismic modeling of pile-supported wharves", Geotech. Test. J., 30(5), 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ14066.
  14. Memos, C., Bouckovalas, G. and Tsiachris, A. (2001), "Stability of rubble-mound breakwaters under seismic action", Coast. Eng., 2000, 1585-1598. https://doi.org/10.1061/40549(276)123.
  15. MOF. (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries) (1999), Seismic design standards of harbour and port. Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Sejong, Korea (in Korean).
  16. MOF. (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries) (2017), Design standards of harbour and port. Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Sejong, Korea (in Korean).
  17. MOIS. (Ministry of the Interior and Safety) (2017), Announcement of common application of seismic design criteria. Ministry of the Interior and Safety, Sejong, Korea (in Korean).
  18. Najma, A. and Ghalandarzadeh, A. (2019), "Experimental study on the seismic behavior of composite breakwaters located on liquefiable seabed", Ocean Eng., 186, 106127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106127.
  19. PIANC. (International Navigation Association) (2001), Seismic design guidelines for port structures. International Navigation Association, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
  20. Seed, H.B. and Idriss, I.B. (1970), "Soil moduli and damping factors for dynamic response analyses", Reoprt No. EERC 70; University of California, California, USA.
  21. Su, L., Lu, J., Elgamal, A. and Arulmoli, A.K. (2017), "Seismic performance of a pile-supported wharf: Three-dimensional finite element simulation.", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 95, 167-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.01.009.
  22. Vytiniotis, A., Panagiotidou, A.I. and Whittle, A.J. (2019), "Analysis of seismic damage mitigation for a pile-supported wharf structure", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 119, 21-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.12.020.
  23. Ye, J. and Wang, G. (2015), "Seismic dynamics of offshore breakwater on liquefiable seabed foundation", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 76, 86-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.02.003
  24. Ye, J.H. and Jeng, D.S. (2013), "Three-dimensional dynamic transient response of a poro-elastic unsaturated seabed and a rubble mound breakwater due to seismic loading", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 44, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.08.011.
  25. Yun, J., Han, J. and Kim, D. (2022), "Evaluation of seismic p-yp loops of pile-supported structures installed in saturated sand", Geomech. Eng., 30(6), 579-586. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2022.30.6.579.
  26. Yun, J.W. and Han, J.T. (2023a), "Evaluation of the effect of rubble mound on pile through dynamic centrifuge model tests", Geomech. Eng, 33(4), 415-425. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2023.33.4.415.
  27. Yun, J.W. and Han, J.T. (2023b), "Evaluation of the dynamic bahavior of pile groups considering the kinematic force of the slope using centrifuge model tests", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 173, 108106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.108106.