Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Surface Properties of Leaf Cuticles of Water Persicaria (Myriophyllum verticillatum) and Mosquitofern (Azolla imbricata) for the Antifouling Technology

친환경 방오기술 개발을 위한 물수세미(Myriophyllum verticillatum)와 물개구리밥(Azolla imbricata)의 잎 큐티클 표면 특성 연구

  • Jeongeun Bak (Ecological Technology Research Team, Division of Ecological Applications Research, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Seonah Jeong (Department of Biological Science, Ajou University) ;
  • Saeromi Mun (Ecological Restoration Team, Division of Ecological Assessment, National Institute of Ecology)
  • 박정은 (국립생태원 생태응용연구실 생태신기술팀) ;
  • 정선아 (아주대학교 생명과학과 생태학연구실) ;
  • 문새로미 (국립생태원 생태평가연구실 복원생태팀)
  • Received : 2024.10.02
  • Accepted : 2024.11.20
  • Published : 2024.12.31
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Abstract

Biomimetic study is being conducted in various fields and applied to the development of technology for the realization of a sustainable society. In this study, we analyzed the cuticular surface structure and wax layer composition of the leaves of Myriophyllum verticillatum and Azolla imbricata to investigate the antifouling characteristics. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis(FE-SEM) and contact angle measurement revealed that the surface of M. verticillatum had an irregular and curved layered structure with non-directional filament structures and showed high hydrophobicity. On the leaves of A. imbricata, amphiphilic structures with nano-sized hydrophobic plate-like filament structures and micro-sized irregular hydrophilic spikes were observed. The dorsal surface of the A. imbricata leaves had a denser distribution of hydrophobic nano-structures compared to the ventral surface. The dorsal surface of the leaf showed high hydrophobicity, while the ventral surface showed wettability. Due to the habitat characteristics of A. imbricata, which is a floating plant, the ventral surface is constantly in contact with water, while the front surface has a hydrophobic surface. Analysis of the wax composition of plants revealed that M. verticillatum and A. imbricata were mainly composed of saturated fatty acids, ketones (2-Nonadecanone and 2-Heptadecanon), and sugar alcohols such as 1,30-Triacontanediol. These substances have high antimicrobial activity, and saturated fatty acids form stable and rough anisotropic crystalline surfaces. The hierarchical amphiphilic structure and the non-toxic stable hydrophobic surface observed in the cuticle of aquatic plants are expected to be utilized as materials for the development of sustainable antifouling technologies.

생물의 구조와 기능에 대한 연구는 지속가능한 사회 구현을 위한 생태모방기술 개발에 응용되며 여러 방면에서 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 물수세미(M. verticillatum)와 물개구리밥(A. imbricata) 잎 표면의 방오 특성을 규명하기 위해 큐티클 표면 구조와 왁스층 구성 성분을 분석하였다. 전계방사형주사현미경(FE-SEM) 분석과 접촉각 측정 결과, 물수세미 표면은 불규칙하고 굴곡이 있는 층상구조와 0.5~3㎛ 크기의 방향성이 없는 필라멘트 구조를 가지고 있으며, 135.97°±2.68°의 고발수성을 나타냈다. 물개구리밥 잎에서는 나노 크기의 소수성 판상형 필라멘트 구조와 이들이 중첩된 마이크로 크기의 불규칙한 친수성 돌기를 가진 양친매성 구조가 확인되었다. 물개구리밥의 잎 앞면은 뒷면보다 소수성 나노 구조가 조밀하게 분포하며, 잎의 앞면은 145.69°±2.16°로 초소수성에 가까운 고발수성을 가지고 있으나 잎의 뒷면은 101.65°±5.30°로 습윤성을 띤다. 이는 부유식물인 물개구리밥의 서식지 특성상, 뒷면이 지속적으로 물과 접촉하여 양분과 수분을 흡수하는 반면, 앞면은 소수성 표면을 갖기 때문으로 보인다. 식물의 왁스 구성 성분분석 결과, 물수세미와 물개구리밥에서 스테아르산, 베헨산 등의 포화지방산과 케톤류인 2-Nonadecanone, 2-Heptadecanon와 당알코올인 1,30-Triacontanediol이 주를 이루었다. 이들은 높은 항균 활성을 가지며, 포화지방산은 안정적이고 거친 이방성 결정 표면을 형성한다. 수생식물의 큐티클에서 관찰되는 이중 스케일, 양친매성 구조와 인체에 무독하며 안정적인 소수성 표면 성분은 친환경 방오 기술 개발을 위한 소재로 활용될 것이라 기대된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 환경부의 재원으로 국립생태원(NIE-기초연구-2024-18)과 한국환경산업기술원의 생태모방기반 환경오염관리 기술개발사업(2021002800015)의 지원을 받아 연구되었습니다.

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