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A Study of Depression in Female Seniors Living Alone: A Comparison Between the Young-old and the Old-old Adults

여성 독거노인의 우울에 관한 연구: 전기와 후기노인의 비교를 중심으로

  • Jin-Seop Lim (Dept. of Child and Welfare, Andong National University) ;
  • Je-sun Kim (Dept. of Social Welfare, Kangwon National University)
  • 임진섭 (국립안동대학교 아동사회복지학과 ) ;
  • 김제선 (강원대학교 사회복지학과)
  • Received : 2023.09.28
  • Accepted : 2024.01.20
  • Published : 2024.01.28

Abstract

This study is a longitudinal study of female older adults living alone, one of the most vulnerable groups in our society, to determine how their depression changes over time and what factors affect their depression. At the same time, considering that there is a large difference in age among the same older adults, this study divided the female older adults into the young-old and the old-old to see how the predictors of depression in each group differ from each other. The main findings are as follows First, depression among female older adults living alone appears to have a declining pattern over time. In the conditional model, factors affecting the initial level of the depression trajectory among women living alone were found to be associated with lower initial depression values among those living in metropolitan areas rather than non-metropolitan areas, better subjective health, and those who did not exercise. Next, we examined the factors affecting rate of change (slope) in depression among female living alone older adults and found that the higher the age, the larger the metropolitan area, the better the subjective health, the less socializing, and the more socializing, the greater the decrease in depression level. Finally, there were some differences in the pathways affecting the initial value and slope of depression among female older adults living alone between the early and late older adults. Specifically, the higher the initial level of participation in social activities, the greater the change in depression among the late older adults, while there was no significant relationship among the early older adults. In the early older adults, better initial subjective health was associated with a larger change in depression than in the late older adults. Only in the late older adults did those who regularly exercised in the early years have higher initial depression values than those who did not. Based on the results of the above analyses, suggestions were made to reduce depression among female older adults living alone.

본 연구는 우리사회에서 가장 취약한 집단이라고 할 수 있는 여성 독거노인을 대상으로 이들의 우울이 시간의 흐름에 따라 어떠한 변화패턴을 갖는지 그리고 이러한 우울에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지를 규명하기 위한 종단연구이다. 동시에 본 연구에서는 동일한 노인일지라도 연령에 따른 차이가 크다는 점을 고려하여 여성 독거노인을 전기(the young-old)와 후기노인(the old-old)으로 구분하여 각 집단의 우울에 영향을 미치는 예측요인이 서로 어떠한 차이가 발생하는지를 확인하였다. 주요 분석결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여성 독거노인의 우울은 시간이 지나면서 감소하는 패턴을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 조건적 모형에서 여성 독거노인의 우울궤적의 초기수준에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴보면 그 외 도시보다는 대도시 지역에 사는 노인이, 주관적 건강상태가 좋을수록, 운동을 하지 않는 노인이 초기 우울값이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 여성 독거노인의 우울의 변화율(기울기)에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴본 결과, 연령이 높을수록, 대도시에 사는 노인이, 주관적 건강상태가 좋을수록, 친교활동이 적을수록, 사회활동을 많이 할수록 우울수준이 큰 폭으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 여성 독거노인의 우울의 초기값과 기울기에 영향을 미치는 경로에 전기노인과 후기노인 사이에 일부 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적인 내용을 살펴보면, 후기노인의 경우 초기에 사회활동 참여정도가 높을수록 우울의 변화폭은 커지는 반면 전기노인은 유의미한 영향관계가 없었다. 전기노인이 후기노인 보다 초기 주관적 건강상태가 양호할수록 우울의 변화폭이 컸다. 후기노인에게서만 초기에 주기적으로 운동을 하는 노인이 그렇지 않은 노인에 비해 초기 우울값이 높았다. 이상의 분석결과를 바탕으로 여성 독거노인의 우울을 감소시키기 위한 제언을 제시하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by a Research Grant of Andong National University.

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