DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Coexistence of Age-related Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Obesity in Korean Men in Their Thirties: Understanding Incidence Rate and Key Influencing Elements

  • Received : 2023.10.06
  • Accepted : 2023.10.25
  • Published : 2023.11.30

Abstract

PURPOSE: The coexistence of age-related skeletal muscle mass loss and obesity poses a substantial health risk for individuals because it combines the detrimental effects of muscle mass reduction associated with aging and the health complications from obesity. This study aimed to identify the incidence rate and key influencing elements among Korean men in their thirties. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 934 male participants was performed using complex sampling analysis. Various influencing elements were investigated, including age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, smoking and drinking behaviors, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels. RESULTS: The incidence rate was 2.90%. The key influencing elements were age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle index, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol (p < .05). CONCLUSION: This study identified the incidence rate and key influencing element for CALSMO among Korean younger community-dwelling men.

Keywords

References

  1. Donini LM, Busetto L, Bauer JM, et al. Critical appraisal of definitions and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity based on a systematic review. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(8):2368-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.024
  2. Donini LM, Busetto L, Bischoff SC, et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity: ESPEN and EASO consensus statement. Obesity Facts. 2022;15(3):321-35. https://doi.org/10.1159/000521241
  3. Kulik CT, Ryan S, Harper S, et al. Aging populations and management. Academy of Management Briarcliff Manor, NY. 2014. 929-35.
  4. Yang YS, Han BD, Han K, et al. Obesity fact sheet in Korea, 2021: trends in obesity prevalence and obesity-related comorbidity incidence stratified by age from 2009 to 2019. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2022;31(2):169-77. https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes22024
  5. Hecker J, Freijer K, Hiligsmann M, et al. Burden of disease study of overweight and obesity; the societal impact in terms of cost-of-illness and health-related quality of life. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):46.
  6. Roubenoff R. Sarcopenic obesity: the confluence of two epidemics. Obes Res. 2004;12(6):887-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2004.107
  7. Zhang XM, Xie XH, Dou QL, et al. Association of sarcopenic obesity with the risk of all-cause mortality among adults over a broad range of different settings: a updated meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-1019-5
  8. Prado CM, Siervo M, Mire E, et al. A population-based approach to define body-composition phenotypes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;99(6):1369-77. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.078576
  9. Bouchard DR, Dionne IJ, Brochu M. Sarcopenic/obesity and physical capacity in older men and women: data from the nutrition as a determinant of successful aging (NuAge)-the quebec longitudinal study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17(11):2082-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2009.109
  10. Dufour AB, Hannan MT, Murabito JM, et al. Sarcopenia definitions considering body size and fat mass are associated with mobility limitations: the framingham study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013;68(2):168-74. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls109
  11. Bouchard DR, Dionne IJ, Brochu M. Sarcopenic/Obesity and physical capacity in older men and women: data from the nutrition as a determinant of successful aging (NuAge)-the quebec longitudinal study. Obesity. 2009;17(11):2082-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2009.109
  12. Petroni ML, Caletti MT, Dalle Grave R, et al. Prevention and treatment of sarcopenic obesity in women. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1302.
  13. Rossi AP, Rubele S, Calugi S, et al. Weight cycling as a risk factor for low muscle mass and strength in a population of males and females with obesity. Obesity. 2019;27(7):1068-75. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22493
  14. Choi S, Chon J, Lee SA, et al. Central obesity is associated with lower prevalence of sarcopenia in older women, but not in men: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02658-0
  15. Hwang J. Unraveling the contributing factors of sarcopenia in young korean male adults: a study of occurrence, somatometric, biochemical, and behavioral characteristics. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2023;18(3): 21-30. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2023.18.3.21
  16. Hwang J. Comprehensive investigation on the prevalence and risk factors of coexistence of age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and obesity among males in their 40s. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2023;18(3):1-9. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2023.18.3.1
  17. Hwang J. Age-related loss of skeletal muscle and associated risk factors in middle-aged men: a comprehensive study. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2023;18(2):13-21. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2023.18.2.13
  18. Hwang J. Prevalence, anthropometric risk factors, and clinical risk factors in sarcopenic women in their 40s. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2023;18(2):23-31. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2003.18.1.23
  19. Hwang J, Moon IY. Exploring incidence and potential risk factors of sarcopenic obesity among middle-aged women residing in a community. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2023;18(3):11-9. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2023.18.3.11
  20. Hwang J, Park S. A Korean nationwide cross-sectional study investigating risk factors, prevalence, and characteristics of sarcopenia in men in early old age. Healthcare. 2023;11(21):2860.
  21. Reijnierse EM, de van der Schueren MAE, Trappenburg MC, et al. Lack of knowledge and availability of diagnostic equipment could hinder the diagnosis of sarcopenia and its management. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0185837.
  22. Mehiret G, Molla A, Tesfaw A. Knowledge on risk factors and practice of early detection methods of breast cancer among graduating students of Debre Tabor University, Northcentral Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health. 2022;22(1):183.
  23. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western P. The Asia-Pacific perspective : redefining obesity and its treatment. Sydney : Health Communications Australia. 2000.
  24. Lu CW, Yang KC, Chang HH, et al. Sarcopenic obesity is closely associated with metabolic syndrome. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2013;7(4):e301-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2012.02.003
  25. Perna S, Peroni G, Faliva MA, et al. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in comparison: prevalence, metabolic profile, and key differences. A cross-sectional study in Italian hospitalized elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017;29(6):1249-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-016-0701-8
  26. Du Y, Wang X, Xie H, et al. Sex differences in the prevalence and adverse outcomes of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in community dwelling elderly in East China using the AWGS criteria. BMC Endocr Disord. 2019;19(1):109.
  27. Hulett NA, Scalzo RL, Reusch JEB. Glucose uptake by skeletal muscle within the contexts of type 2 diabetes and exercise: an integrated approach. Nutrients. 2022;14(3):647.
  28. Lim S, Kim JH, Yoon JW, et al. Sarcopenic obesity: prevalence and association with metabolic syndrome in the Korean longitudinal study on health and aging (KLoSHA). Diabetes Care. 2010;33(7):1652-4. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-0107
  29. Habib SS, Alkahtani S, Alhussain M, et al. Sarcopenia coexisting with high adiposity exacerbates insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in Saudi adult men. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020:3089-97.
  30. Yin T, Zhang J-X, Wang F-X, et al. The association between sarcopenic obesity and hypertension, diabetes, and abnormal lipid metabolism in Chinese adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021:1963-73.
  31. Wang T, He C. Pro-inflammatory cytokines: The link between obesity and osteoarthritis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2018;44:38-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.10.002
  32. Atkins JL, Whincup PH, Morris RW, et al. Sarcopenic obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a population-based cohort study of older men. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(2):253-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12652
  33. Yin T, Zhang JX, Wang FX, et al. The association between sarcopenic obesity and hypertension, diabetes, and abnormal lipid metabolism in chinese adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;14:1963-73. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S308387
  34. Ferreira I, Snijder MB, Twisk JW, et al. Central fat mass versus peripheral fat and lean mass: opposite (adverse versus favorable) associations with arterial stiffness? the amsterdam growth and health longitudinal study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(6):2632-9. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031619
  35. Snijder MB, Henry RM, Visser M, et al. Regional body composition as a determinant of arterial stiffness in the elderly: the hoorn study. J Hypertens. 2004;22(12):2339-47. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200412000-00016
  36. Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M. The cardiometabolic syndrome and sarcopenic obesity in older persons. J Cardiometab Syndr. 2007;2(3):183-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-4564.2007.06673.x
  37. Goswami B, Reang T, Sarkar S, et al. Role of body visceral fat in hypertension and dyslipidemia among the diabetic and nondiabetic ethnic population of Tripura: a comparative study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(6):2885-90. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_187_20
  38. Hwang J, Park S. Gender-specific prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenic obesity in the korean elderly population: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(2):1140.
  39. Hwang J, Park S. Gender-specific risk factors and prevalence for sarcopenia among community-dwelling young-old adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(12):7232.
  40. Hwang J, Park S. Sex differences of sarcopenia in an elderly asian population: the prevalence and risk factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(19): 11980.
  41. Anton SD, Hida A, Mankowski R, et al. Nutrition and exercise in sarcopenia. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2018;19(7):649-67.  https://doi.org/10.2174/1389203717666161227144349