Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
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Proposal for Toxicity Test-based Water Quality Criteria for Zinc as Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) in Effluent from Marine Industrial Facilities in Korea

해양산업시설 배출 위험·유해물질 중 아연(Zn)의 독성시험 기반 국내 해양 수질준거치 제안

  • Hyeong Ju Seok (Risk Assessment Team, Marine Eco-technology Institute (MEI)) ;
  • Dong Geon Kim (Risk Assessment Team, Marine Eco-technology Institute (MEI)) ;
  • Dong Il Choe (Risk Assessment Team, Marine Eco-technology Institute (MEI)) ;
  • Tae Won Kim (Risk Assessment Team, Marine Eco-technology Institute (MEI)) ;
  • Young Ryun Kim (Research and Development Headquarters, Marine Eco-technology Institute (MEI)) ;
  • Choul-Hee Hwang (Busan Business Headquarters, Marine Eco-technology Institute (MEI)) ;
  • Hoon Choi (Ocean and Maritime Digital Technology Research Division, Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO)) ;
  • Moonjin Lee (Ocean and Maritime Digital Technology Research Division, Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO))
  • 석형주 (해양생태기술연구소 위해성평가실 ) ;
  • 김동건 (해양생태기술연구소 위해성평가실 ) ;
  • 최동일 (해양생태기술연구소 위해성평가실 ) ;
  • 김태원 (해양생태기술연구소 위해성평가실 ) ;
  • 김영윤 (해양생태기술연구소 R&D 총괄 본부 ) ;
  • 황철희 (해양생태기술연구소 사업 총괄 본부) ;
  • 최훈 (선박해양플랜트연구소 해양공공디지털연구본부 ) ;
  • 이문진 (선박해양플랜트연구소 해양공공디지털연구본부 )
  • Received : 2023.09.07
  • Accepted : 2023.10.27
  • Published : 2023.10.31
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Abstract

This study conducted toxicity tests on zinc, a hazardous and noxious substance (HNS) discharged from marine industrial facilities, based on domestic species in Korea, to propose marine water quality criteria for domestic conditions using the results. The test organisms were 10 economically useful species from five taxonomic groups (Algae, Rotifer, Crustacean, Mollusc, and Fish) that inhabit Korean coastal waters and have established testing methods. In addition, chronic toxicity tests were performed on invertebrates and fish to calculate the acute-chronic ratio (ACR) and final ACR (FACR) values. Toxicity values for the species were derived using the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s criterion continuous concentration (CCC) method and the Australia and New Zealand method (including the 2018 revision to the original 2000 method). Using the US EPA's CCC method and the revised Australia and New Zealand method, zinc concentrations of 9.56 ㎍/L and 15.50 ㎍/L were derived as water quality criteria for Korean marine species, respectively. The latter value is similar to the 14.40 ㎍/L zinc level recommended the coastal waters of Australia and New Zealand. The US EPA, Australia, and New Zealand maintain their own localized ecotoxicology databases (US EPA Ecotox Database and Australasian Ecotoxicology Database, respectively) and employ rigorous toxicity testing methods to update water quality criteria periodically. Acute toxicity values are being applied to domestic species. However, the ACR is derived using results from the US EPA or Europe to establish marine water quality criteria. Toxicity data for species native to the Korean coast is limited. Therefore, To establish marine water quality criteria that can protect regional marine organisms and ecosystems, it is crucial to establish continuous toxicity testing and a system for setting HNS level thresholds based on the sensitivities of local marine species.

본 연구는 해양산업시설에서 배출되는 위험·유해물질(Hazardous and Noxious Substances) 중 아연을 대상으로 국내 서식종을 기반으로 한 독성시험을 수행하고, 그 결과를 활용하여 국내 실정에 맞는 아연의 해양 수질 준거치(Marine Water Quality Criteria)를 제안하였다. 시험생물은 국내 연근해에 분포하고 산업적으로 유용하며, 표준 시험방법이 존재하는 종을 우선으로 5개의 분류군(Algae, Rotifer, Crustacean, Mollusc, Fish)의 총 10종을 선정하여 독성시험을 수행하였으며, 급·만성비(Acute-Chronic Ratio) 산출을 위하여 무척추동물, 어류 분류군에 대한 만성독성시험을 수행하였다. 국내종 독성시험에서 산출된 독성값을 활용한 수질준거치는 US EPA의 CCC (Criterion Continuous Concentration) 산출 기준으로 9.56 ㎍/L, 호주/뉴질랜드의 산출 기준으로 15.50 ㎍/L 로 나타나 호주/뉴질랜드에서 권고하는 기준인 14.40 ㎍/L 와 유사하였다. US EPA 및 호주/뉴질랜드는 자국의 생태독성 데이터베이스(US EPA Ecotox Database, Australasian Ecotoxicology Database)를 보유하고, 신뢰도 높은 독성값들을 생성하여 수질 기준 및 산출 기준을 갱신하고 있다. 한편, 국내에서는 국내종 기반 급성 독성값을 적용하고 있지만, 중요한 산출 지표인 급·만성비는 US EPA 또는 유럽의 결과값을 활용하여 해양 수질 준거치를 산출하고 있으며, 국내의 생태독성 자료 또한 제한적인 실정이다. 따라서, 국내 해양 서식종을 기반으로 한 지속적인 독성시험과 준거치 설정 체계를 확보하여 국내 해양생물과 생태계를 보호할 수 있는 해양 수질 준거치 도출이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2023년도 해양수산부 재원으로 해양수산과학기술진흥원의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구이다(20210660, 해양위험유해물질(HNS) 배출 등 관리기술 개발사업, 해양산업시설 배출 위험유해물질 영향평가 및 관리기술 개발).

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