Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry (생물정신의학)

The Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry (대한생물정신의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of a Cognitive Intervention Using Robot PIO on Cognitive and Emotional Function in Dementia Patients

로봇 매개 인지 중재 프로그램이 치매 환자의 인지 및 정서 기능에 미치는 영향에 대한 후향적 분석

  • Ji Hyun Lee (Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital) ;
  • Myeong Hun Hong (Seodaemun-gu Center for Dementia) ;
  • Won Sub Kang (Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital) ;
  • Jae Won Oh (Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School) ;
  • Jong Woo Kim (Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital)
  • Received : 2023.09.08
  • Accepted : 2023.10.05
  • Published : 2023.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives Cognitive intervention treatment is known to be effective among dementia patients. To establish an effective non-pharmacological treatment for dementia patients, it is necessary to study how it affects not only cognitive function but also emotional function as well as daily life abilities. This study examined the effects of a cognitive intervention program using the robot PIO. Methods The robot-mediated cognitive intervention using "laughter-PIO" was applied to 36 participants rated Clinical Dementia Rating 0.5 or 1. The cognitive function, emotional state, and daily life abilities were evaluated before and after the program. Results After the cognitive intervention, the Geriatric Depression Scale-Korean score improved from 11.6 ± 6.3 to 9.0 ± 6.0 (p = 0.03). The subtests of the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet, J2 Boston Name test, J3 Mini-Mental State Exam, and J7 Word Recognition test, showed significant improvements (p < 0.05). The Digit Span Test result increased from 13.1 ± 5.4 to 15.2 ± 6.1 after the program (p < 0.05). Conclusions The cognitive intervention program using the robot "PIO" improved cognitive function and the emotional state of dementia patients, and daily life abilities.

Keywords

References

  1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association;2013. 
  2. Wimo A, Jonsson L, Bond J, Prince M, Winblad B. The worldwide economic impact of dementia 2010. Alzheimers Dement 2013;9:1-11.e3.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2012.11.006
  3. Lee KJ, Lee SY. A study on the factors influencing depression among elderly people with, and without, dementia. J Korean Acad Funda Nurs 2004;11:166-176. 
  4. Ismail Z, Black SE, Camicioli R, Chertkow H, Herrmann N, Laforce R Jr, et al. Recommendations of the 5th Canadian consensus conference on the diagnosis and treatment of dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2020;16:1182-1195.  https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12105
  5. van Dyck CH, Swanson CJ, Aisen P, Bateman RJ, Chen C, Gee M, et al. Lecanemab in early Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 2023;388:9-21.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2212948
  6. Han HJ, Son SJ, Ha J, Lee JH, Kim SA, Lee SY. The effect of group musical therapy on depression and activities on daily living in patients with cognitive decline. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2014;13:107-111.  https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2014.13.4.107
  7. Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, Levalahti E, Ahtiluoto S, Antikainen R, et al. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015;385:2255-2263.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60461-5
  8. Buschert V, Bokde AL, Hampel H. Cognitive intervention in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2010;6:508-517.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2010.113
  9. Yoo JE. Recent changes and challenges in national dementia policy in Korea. Health Welfare Policy Forum 2019;276:6-18. 
  10. Lee YJ, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Yang NY, Park JH. The effect of multimodal intervention on quality of life, depression, and cognitive function in elderly people with dementia: a pilot study. Korean J Occup Ther 2014;22:85-98.  https://doi.org/10.14519/jksot.2014.22.3.07
  11. Kim SY, Rhee KM. The effect of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation program on visual perception and ADL in children with intellectual disaility. J Rehabil Welfare Eng Assist Technol 2015;9:105-113. 
  12. Kim GH, Jeon S, Im K, Kwon H, Lee BH, Kim GY, et al. Structural brain changes after traditional and robot-assisted multi-domain cognitive training in community-dwelling healthy elderly. PLoS One 2015;10:e0123251. 
  13. Lee YH, Kim KM, Tran TT, Kim JW. Development of robot contents to enhance cognitive ability for the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. J Korea Robot Soc 2016;11:41-50. https://doi.org/10.7746/jkros.2016.11.2.041
  14. Whydots.com [homepage on the Internet]. Bucheon: Why Dots Inc. [cited 2023 Sep 7]. Available from: https://www.whydots.com/robot-pio1. 
  15. Kim B, Kang YW. A comparison of the performances on the MMSE, HDS-R, and MoCA according to the CDR sum of boxes in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and vascular mild cognitive impairment. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2014;13:94-100.  https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2014.13.4.94
  16. O'Bryant SE, Waring SC, Cullum CM, Hall J, Lacritz L, Massman PJ, et al. Staging dementia using clinical dementia rating scale sum of boxes scores: a Texas Alzheimer's research consortium study. Arch Neurol 2008;65:1091-1095.  https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.65.8.1091
  17. Bae JN, Cho MJ. Development of the Korean version of the geriatric depression scale and its short form among elderly psychiatric patients. J Psychosom Res 2004;57:297-305.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.01.004
  18. Lee J, Nam S, Lee MK, Lee JH, Lee SM. Rosenberg' self-esteem scale: analysis of item-level validity. Korean J Couns Psychother 2009;21:173-189. 
  19. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press;1965. 
  20. Ku HY, Kim JH, Kwon EJ, Kim SH, Lee HS, Ko HJ, et al. A study on the reliability and validity of Seoul-Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (S-IADL). J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2004;43:189-199. 
  21. Lee JH, Lee KU, Lee DY, Kim KW, Jhoo JH, Kim JH, et al. Development of the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K): clinical and neuropsychological assessment batteries. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2002;57:P47-P53.  https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.1.P47
  22. Choi HJ, Lee DY, Seo EH, Jo MK, Sohn BK, Choe YM, et al. A normative study of the digit span in an educationally diverse elderly population. Psychiatry Investig 2014;11:39-43.  https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2014.11.1.39
  23. Youn JC, Kim KW, Lee DY, Jhoo JH, Lee SB, Park JH, et al. Development of the subjective memory complaints questionnaire. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2009;27:310-317.  https://doi.org/10.1159/000205512
  24. Bemelmans R, Gelderblom GJ, Jonker P, de Witte L. Effectiveness of robot Paro in intramural psychogeriatric care: a multicenter quasi-experimental study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015;16:946-950.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2015.05.007
  25. Park S, Bak A, Kim S, Nam Y, Kim HS, Yoo DH, et al. Animal-assisted and pet-robot interventions for ameliorating behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomedicines 2020;8:150. 
  26. Jung YH, Lee S, Kim WJ, Lee JH, Kim MJ, Han HJ. Effect of integrated cognitive intervention therapy in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2020;19:86-95. https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2020.19.3.86