Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine (대한예방의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Post-COVID-19 Condition in Korea

  • Myungwon Jang (Epidemic Intelligence Officer, Dangjin City Public Health Center) ;
  • Dongkwon Choi (Chungnam Center for Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention) ;
  • Jonghyuk Choi (Chungnam Center for Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention) ;
  • Ho-Jang Kwon (Chungnam Center for Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention)
  • Received : 2023.03.08
  • Accepted : 2023.08.11
  • Published : 2023.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: Numerous studies have explored the causes and spread of outbreaks, yet there is a lack of research on post-coronavirus disease 2019 condition (PCC) in Korea. The goal of this study was to identify the various types of PCC and associated factors in discharged patients and to provide directions for the ongoing health management of confirmed patients. Methods: A telephone survey was conducted among 680 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients diagnosed between July 7, 2021 and August 26, 2021, in Dangjin, Chungnam, Korea. A descriptive analysis of characteristics, univariate analysis, and regression were performed using data from basic epidemiological surveys conducted at the time of diagnosis and post-discharge questionnaires. Results: Of the 585 patients who responded, 159 (27.2%) developed PCC. Of the 211 patients with no initial symptoms, 27 (12.8%) developed PCC, versus 132 (35.3%) of the 374 patients with initial symptoms. Among the initial symptoms, fever or chills, cough or sputum, loss of smell, and sore throat were associated with PCC. Compared to patients with less than 10 days of hospitalization, those with a hospitalization period of 21 days to 30 days (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0 to 5.2) and 31 days or more (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.9 to 18.1) had a higher risk of PCC. Conclusions: More than a quarter of COVID-19 patients, including those who had no initial symptoms, experienced PCC in Korea. People with the initial symptoms of fever, chills, and respiratory symptoms and those who had prolonged hospital stays had a high risk of PCC.

Keywords

References

  1. Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Coronavirus infectious diseas-19 response guideline for local governments: 13-1; 2022 [cited 2022 Aug 22] Available from: https://ncov.kdca.go.kr/duBoardList.do?brdId=2&brdGubun=28 (Korean).
  2. Kim EY, Park SY, Lee SY, Yu JH, Lee H, Ryu B, et al. Cases of outbreaks caused by COVID-19 variant in the Republic of Korea. Public Health Wkly Rep 2021;14(13):742-748 (Korean).
  3. Park SE. Epidemiology, virology, and clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus disease-19). Clin Exp Pediatr 2020;63(4):119-124. https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00493
  4. Chang MC, Park YK, Kim BO, Park D. Risk factors for disease progression in COVID-19 patients. BMC Infect Dis 2020;20(1): 445.
  5. World Health Organization. A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus, 6 October 2021 [cited 2022 Feb 23]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/345824.
  6. Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Notice of post COVID-19 condition; 2022 [cited 2022 May 3] Available from: https://www.kdca.go.kr/gallery.es?mid=a20503020000&bid=0003&act=view&list_no=145681 (Korean).
  7. Patton LL. Long-COVID and the practice of oral medicine. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022;133(2):125-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2021.10.025
  8. National Center for Medical Information and Knowledge. Multicenter observation cohort study on short-and long-term clinical outcomes of COVID19-patients; 2021 [cited 2021 May 13] Available from: https://library.nih.go.kr/ncmiklib/archive/rom/reportView.do?upd_yn=Y&rep_id=RP00012436 (Korean).
  9. Lee H, Sung HK, Lee D, Choi Y, Lee JY, Lee JY, et al. Comparison of complications after coronavirus disease and seasonal influenza, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis 2022;28(2):347-353. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2802.211848
  10. Kim Y, Bitna-Ha, Kim SW, Chang HH, Kwon KT, Bae S, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in patients after 12 months from COVID-19 infection in Korea. BMC Infect Dis 2022;22(1):93.
  11. Menges D, Ballouz T, Anagnostopoulos A, Aschmann HE, Domenghino A, Fehr JS, et al. Burden of post-COVID-19 syndrome and implications for healthcare service planning: a population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2021;16(7):e0254523.
  12. Zhang X, Wang F, Shen Y, Zhang X, Cen Y, Wang B, et al. Symptoms and health outcomes among survivors of COVID-19 infection 1 year after discharge from hospitals in Wuhan, China. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4(9):e2127403.
  13. Augustin M, Schommers P, Stecher M, Dewald F, Gieselmann L, Gruell H, et al. Post-COVID syndrome in non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a longitudinal prospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2021;6:100122.
  14. Baruch J, Zahra C, Cardona T, Melillo T. National long COVID impact and risk factors. Public Health 2022;213:177-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2022.09.021
  15. Bull-Otterson L, Baca S, Saydah S, Boehmer TK, Adjei S, Gray S, et al. Post-COVID conditions among adult COVID-19 survivors aged 18-64 and ≥65 years - United States, March 2020-November 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71(21):713-717. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7121e1
  16. Stavem K, Ghanima W, Olsen MK, Gilboe HM, Einvik G. Persistent symptoms 1.5-6 months after COVID-19 in non-hospitalised subjects: a population-based cohort study. Thorax 2021;76(4):405-407. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216377
  17. Walitt B, Bartrum E. A clinical primer for the expected and potential post-COVID-19 syndromes. Pain Rep 2021;6(1):e887.
  18. Petersen MS, Kristiansen MF, Hanusson KD, Danielsen ME, A Steig B, Gaini S, et al. Long COVID in the Faroe Islands: a longitudinal study among nonhospitalized patients. Clin Infect Dis 2021;73(11):e4058-e4063. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1792
  19. Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Perelman C, Sepulveda R, Rebolledo PA, Cuapio A, et al. More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021;11(1):16144.
  20. Yong SJ. Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021;53(10):737-754. https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2021.1924397
  21. Peghin M, Palese A, Venturini M, De Martino M, Gerussi V, Graziano E, et al. Post-COVID-19 symptoms 6 months after acute infection among hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021;27(10):1507-1513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2021.05.033
  22. Castanares-Zapatero D, Chalon P, Kohn L, Dauvrin M, Detollenaere J, Maertens de Noordhout C, et al. Pathophysiology and mechanism of long COVID: a comprehensive review. Ann Med 2022;54(1):1473-1487. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2022.2076901