Toxicological Research

Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society (한국독성학회)
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Carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone-induced toxicities in rats: comparative study with other mitochondrial uncouplers (2,4-dinitrophenol, OPC-163493 and tolcapone)

  • Yuki Inoue (Department of Drug Safety Research, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute) ;
  • Yuko Wada (PV Operation, Pharmacovigilance Department, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Makoto Sato (Department of Drug Safety Research, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute) ;
  • Seiji Sato (Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Takashi Okamoto (Department of Lead Discovery Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Naohide Kanemoto (Department of Drug Discovery Strategy, Osaka Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)
  • Received : 2022.12.18
  • Accepted : 2023.05.04
  • Published : 2023.10.15
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Abstract

FCCP (carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone) is known to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation as a protonophore, dissipating the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. To understand the toxicity of FCCP, 3-day, 2- and 4-week repeated oral dose studies were performed in male rats. In the 3-day and 2-week repeated dose toxicity studies, observations included salivation, increased body temperature, and dead and moribund animals. Increased liver weight was observed in conjunction with hydropic degeneration and centrilobular necrosis of hepatocytes. In addition, pathological changes were observed in the pancreas, testis, epididymal duct, stomach and parotid gland. Electron microscopic examination revealed mitochondrial pleomorphism in the hepatocytes. Swelling of mitochondria was observed in the alpha cells and beta cells of the pancreas. Dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies and loss of secretory granules were also noted in the beta cells of the pancreas. FCCP was also compared with three other mUncouplers (DNP, OPC-163493 and tolcapone) with regard to in vitro mitochondrial uncoupling (mUncoupling) activities. FCCP produced the peak ΔOCR (oxygen consumption rate) at the lowest concentration (0.4 μM), followed by OPC-163493, tolcapone, and DNP, based on peak values in ascending order of concentration (2.5, 10, and 50 μM, respectively). Considering the relationship between the mUncoupling activity and toxicity profile of the four mUncouplers, there is no parallel relationship between the in vitro mUncoupling activity and the degree of in vivo toxicity. These findings may contribute to the efficient development of new mitochondrial uncoupler candidates.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful to Eiji Kashiyama and Ken Umehara for recommending the submission of this article.

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