Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity

The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology (한국동물분류학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An Annotated Checklist of Millipedes (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) Inhabiting the Korean Peninsula

  • Gyeongmin Kim (Department of Biology Education, Teachers College, and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Ameenat Abdulqadri Adebimpe (Department of Biomedical Convergence Science and Technology, School of Industrial Technology Advances, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Anh D Nguyen (Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology) ;
  • Zoltan Korsos (Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest) ;
  • Ui Wook Hwang (Department of Biology Education, Teachers College, and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2022.06.27
  • Accepted : 2023.07.11
  • Published : 2023.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The Korean Peninsula is geographically located in the centre of Far Eastern Asia and has complex and various climate conditions following longitudinal topology, which would expect to be result in high diversity and endemism of millipede. In this study, the millipede fauna of the Korean Peninsula consists of 68 species plus 5 subspecies from 29 genera, 15 families and 7 orders. Of these species/subspecies, 29 and 12 are endemic in South Korea and North Korea, respectively; nine are recorded in both South Korea and North Korea. Each species has been provided comprehensive information including an original report, taxonomic changes, distribution, and remarks if necessary. Moreover, unsolved taxonomic uncertainty of some species included in this checklist should be investigated through further study.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the National Institute of Biological Resources(NIBR202130203), Ministry of Environment, South Korea.

References

  1. Alagesan P, 2016. Millipedes: Diversity, distribution, and ecology. In: Arthropod diversity and conservation in the tropics and sub-tropics (Eds., Chakravarthy AK, Sridhara S). Springer. Singapore, pp. 119-137.
  2. Attems C, 1898. System der Polydesmidea. I. Theil. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klassen, 67:221-482.
  3. Attems C, 1899. Neues uber palaarktische Myriopoden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 12:286-336. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.2032
  4. Attems C, 1901a. Myriopoden. In: Zoologische Ergebnisse der dritten asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy (Ed., Horvath G). Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig, pp. 275-310.
  5. Attems C, 1901b. Neue, durch den Schiffsverkehr in Hamburg eingeschlepte Myriopoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 18:109-116.
  6. Attems C, 1907. Javanische Myriopoden, gesammelt von Direktor K. Kraepelin im Jahre 1903. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 24:77-142.
  7. Attems C, 1914. Die Indo-Australischen Myriopoden Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 80:1-398.
  8. Attems C, 1931. Die Familie Leptodesmidae und andere Polydesmiden. Zoologica Stuttgart, 30:1-149.
  9. Attems C, 1937. Myriapoda 3. Polydesmoidea I. Fam. Strongylosomidae. Das Tierreich, 68:1-300. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111567099
  10. Attems C, 1938. Polydesmoidea II, Fams., Leptodesmidae, Platyrhachidae, Oxydesmidae, Gomphodesmidae. Das Tierreich, 69:1-487. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111430645-003
  11. Brolemann HW, 1916. Essai de classification des Polydesmiens. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 84:523-608. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.24168
  12. Bueno-Villegas J, Sierwald P, Bond JE, 2004. Diplopoda. Biodiversidad, taxonomia y biogeografia de artropodos de Mexico (Eds., Bousquets JL, Morrone JJ, Ordonez OY, Fernandez IV), 4:569-599.
  13. Carl J, 1912. Die Diplopodenfauna von Celebes. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 20:73-206. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.19248
  14. Chamberlin RV, 1918. The Chilopoda and Diplopoda of the West Indies. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 62:151-262.
  15. Chamberlin RV, 1921. New Chilopoda and Diplopoda from the East Indian region. Journal of Natural History Series 9, 7:50-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932108632489
  16. Chamberlin RV, 1943. On some genera and species of American millipeds. Bulletin of the University of Utah, 34:3-20.
  17. Chamberlin RV, Wang YM, 1953. Records of millipeds(Diplopoda) from Japan and other oriental areas, with descriptions of new genera and species. American Museum Novitates, 1621:1-8.
  18. Chen CC, Golovatch SI, Chang HW, 2006. The millipede tribe Nedyopodini, with special reference to the fauna of Taiwan (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae). Journal of Natural History, 39:3997-4030. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930600556112
  19. Chung KH, Moon MJ, 2006. Antennal sensory organs in the female millipede Orthomorphella pekuensis (Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae). Integrative Biosciences, 10:183-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/17386357.2006.9647300
  20. Chung KH, Moon MJ, 2011. Microstructure of the antennal sensory organs in female millipede Oxidus gracilis(Polydesmida: Paradoxomatidae). Animal Cells and Systems, 15:53-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/19768354.2011.555184
  21. Chung MY, Lopez-Pujol J, Chung MG, 2017. The role of the Baekdudaegan (Korean Peninsula) as a major glacial refugium for plant species: a priority for conservation. Biological Conservation, 206:236-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.11.040
  22. Cook OF, 1911. The hothouse milliped as a new genus. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 40:625-631. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.40-1842.625
  23. Cook OF, Collins GN, 1895. The Craspedosomatidae of North America. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 9:1-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1896.tb55430.x
  24. Crawford CS, 1992, Millipedes as model detritivores. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Verein Innsbruck, 10:277-288.
  25. Ganin GN, 1997. Soil animals of the Ussuri region. Dalnauka Publsher, Vladivostok and Khabarovsk, pp. 1-159 (in Russian with English summary).
  26. Gerstfeldt G, 1859. uber einige zum Theil neue Arten Platoden, Anneliden, Myriapoden und Crustaceen Sibiriens, namentlich seines ostlichen Theiles und des Amur-Gebietes. Memoires presentes a l'Academie imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg par divers Savans et dans ses assemblees, 8:260-296.
  27. Golovatch SI, 1976. A new genus, Sakhalineuma molodovae (Chordeumida, Diplopoda), from south Sakhalin. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Serija Biologija, 227:1489-1492 (in Russian).
  28. Golovatch SI, 1977. On taxonomic status of some Asian Chordeumida (Diplopoda). Zoologiceskij Zurnal, 56:714-724.
  29. Golovatch SI, 1978a. A new family of East-Asiatic Chordeumida (Diplopoda). Zoologiceskij Zurnal, 57:1008-1011.
  30. Golovatch SI, 1978b. Some East-Asiatic millipedes (Diplopoda) in collection of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 57:677-681.
  31. Golovatch, SI, 1979. A new genus for the USSR of the superfamily Parajuloidea (Diplopoda). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 58:904-908.
  32. Golovatch SI, 1980a. A contribution to the millipede fauna of Korea (Diplopoda). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 41:49-58.
  33. Golovatch SI, 1980b. New forms of Diplopoda from the Soviet Far East and their zoogeographical relationship. Zoologiceskij Zurnal, 59:199-207.
  34. Golovatch SI, 1981. Some East-Asiatic millipedes (Diplopoda) in the collection of the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Annales Zoologic Warszawa, 36:161-168.
  35. Golovatch SI, 1995. On several new and poorly known oriental Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda Polydesmida), IV. Arthropoda Selecta, 4:71-78.
  36. Golovatch SI, 2011. On several new or poorly-known oriental Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida), XI. Arthropoda Selecta, 20:259-266. https://doi.org/10.15298/arthsel.20.4.02
  37. Golovatch SI, Geoffroy JJ, Mauries JP, VandenSpiegel D, 2009. Review of the millipede family Haplodesmidae, with descriptions of some new or poorly-known species(Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Advances in the systematics of Diplopoda I. Zookeys, 7:1-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.7.117
  38. Golovatch SI, Kime RD, 2009. Millipede (Diplopoda) distributions: a review. Soil Organisms, 81:565-597.
  39. Golovatch SI, Mikhaljova EV, 1978. A new family of east-palearctic Chordeumida (Diplopoda), with a description of a new genus and a new species. Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists, Biological Series, 83:66-71 (in Russian with English summary).
  40. Gulicka J, 1972. Some new species of Diplopoda in the USSR. Part II. Zoologiceskij Zurnal, 51:36-45.
  41. Hoffman RL, 1958. Revision of the milliped genus Pachydesmus (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 108:181-218. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.108-3399.181
  42. Hoffman RL, 1963. A contribution to the knowledge of Asiatic Strongylosomoid Diplopoda (Polydesmida: Strongylosomatidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series, 13: 577-593. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936208651289
  43. Hoffman RL, 1980. Classification of the Diplopoda. Geneve, pp. 1-237.
  44. Ishii K, Choi SS, 1988. A new species of the genus Polyxenus (Diplopod: Penicillata: Polyxenidae) from Korea. The Canadian Entomologist, 120:711-715. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent120711-8
  45. Jedryczkowski W, 1982. New and rare millipedes (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae) from North Korea. Annales Zoologici PAN, 36:375-384.
  46. Jeekel CAW, 1963. Diplopoda of Guiana. Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 4:1-157.
  47. Jeekel CAW, 1988. The generic position of Orthomorpha bucharensis Lohmander and O. muminabadensis Gulicka, and the taxonomic status of Hedinomorpha Verhoeff(Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Bulletin Zoologisch Museum, 11:97-104.
  48. Joo S, Lee J, Lee DY, Xi H, Park J, 2020. The complete mitochondrial genome of the millipede Epanerchodus koreanus Verhoeff, 1937 collected in limestone cave of Korea (Polydesmidae: Polydesmida). Mitochondrial DNA Part B Resources, 5:3845-3847. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2020.1840933
  49. Karsch F, 1881. Zum Studium der Myriopoda Poyldesmida. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 47:36-49. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.13208
  50. Kim KS, 2010. The geography of Korea. National Geographic Information Institute, Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, Suwon, pp. 1-192.
  51. Kim TH, Lim KY, 1993. Bionomics and systematics of Diplopoda in Korea I. The life cycle and population dynamics of Anaulaciulus koreanus koreanus(Verhoeff) (Diplopoda, Julidae). Korean Journal of Ecology, 16:151-157.
  52. Kim TH, Lim KY, 1995a. Millipedes (Diplopoda) from Cheju Island. In: Insects of Quelpart Island. Chejudo Folklore and National History Museum, Jeju, pp. 271-280 (in Korean with English abstract).
  53. Kim TH, Lim KY, 1995b. A checklist of Diplopoda from Chejudo. Insecta Koreana Supplement, 5:211-214 (in Korean with English abstract).
  54. Koch CL, 1847. System der Myriapoden mit den Verzeichnissen und Berichtigungen zu Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden. In: Kritische revision der Insectenfaune Deutschlands, III (Eds., Panzer, Herrich-Schaffer A). Bandchen, Regensburg, pp. 1-196.
  55. Korsos Z, 1994. The millipede genus Anaulaciulus in Korea (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). Zoological National history museum Hungarian, 40:41-46.
  56. Korsos Z, 1996. An approach to the revision of the East Asian millipede genus Anaulaciulus. Acta Myriapodologica. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 169:35-43.
  57. Latreille PA, 1802. Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere des Crustaces et des insectes. Ouvrage faisant suite a l'histoire naturelle generale et particuliere, composee par Leclerc de Buffon, et redigee par C.S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs Societes savantes. Dufart, Paris, pp.1-476.
  58. Lim KY, 1988. Taxonomical studies on the class Diplopoda from Korea. MS thesis, Institute of Agriculture, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea, pp. 1-34.
  59. Lim KY, 1993. Taxonomy of Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) in Korea. MS thesis, Jeonbuk University, Jeonju, Korea, pp. 1-33 (in Korean with English abstract).
  60. Lim KY, 2001. Taxonomy of millipedes (Arthropoda: Diplopoda) in Korea. PhD dissertation, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea, pp. 1-264.
  61. Lim KY, 2011. Korean millipedes. National Science Museum, Daejeon, pp. 1-131.
  62. Lim KY, Kim TH, Kwak JS, 1992. Distribution of millipedes in relation to altitude and flora on Mt. Chiri. Korean Journal of Ecology, 15:329-335.
  63. Lim KY, Mikhaljova EV, 2000. A new species of the millipede genus Skeleroprotopus (Diplopoda, Julida, Mongoliulidae) from Korea. Athropoda Selecta, 9:119-122.
  64. Loksina IE, Golovatch SI, 1977. The new myriapods(Diplopoda) from the USSR. Bjulleten' Moskovskogo Obscestva Ispytatelej Prirody (Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalist), Otdel Biologiceskij(Biological Series), 82:73-78.
  65. Marek P, Tanabe T, Sierwald P, 2014. A species catalog of the millipede family Xystodesmidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication, 17:1-117.
  66. Mikhaljova EV, 1979. New species of the genus Polyzonium (Diplopoda, Polyzoniidae) from the Far East Zoologiceskij Zurnal, 58:1591-1593 (in Russian with English summary).
  67. Mikhaljova EV, 1981. Millipedes(Diplopoda) of broadleaved and broadleaved-pine forests of the Lazovskii Nature Reserve. In: Fauna i ekologiya nasekomykh Primorskogo kraya i Kamchatki (Eds., Arefin VS, Kulikova LS). Vladivostok, pp. 84-91 (in Russian).
  68. Mikhaljova EV, 1982a. New millipedes of the family julidae from the Soviet Far East. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 61:210-216.
  69. Mikhaljova EV, 1982b. On the synonymy of two forms of Diplopoda from the USSR Far East. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 61:1265-1268.
  70. Mikhaljova EV, 1983. Distribution of millipedes (Diplopoda) along the soil profile in the forests of the Primorsky Province. In: Fauna and ecology of arthropods in the Far East (Eds., Ivliev LA, Kulikova LS). DVNTS AN SSSR Publisher, Vladivostok, pp. 77-90 (in Russian).
  71. Mikhaljova EV, 1988. Millipedes(Diplopoda) of the Ussuriyskii and nature reserves. In: A role of insects in biocenoses of the Far East. Biological-Soil Institute, Far East Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok, pp. 68-74.
  72. Mikhaljova EV, 1993. The millipedes(Diplopoda) of Siberia and the Far East of Russia. Arthropoda Selecta, 2:3-36.
  73. Mikhaljova EV, 1996. Review of the cavernicolous millipede fauna of the Far East of Russia, with description of a new troglophilic species (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta, 5:143-149.
  74. Mikhaljova EV, 1998. The millipedes of the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta, 7:1-77.
  75. Mikhaljova EV, 2000. Review of the millipede family Diplomaragnidae (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida). Arthropoda Selecta, 8:153-181.
  76. Mikhaljova EV, 2001. A contribution to the millipede faunas of Korea and the Russian Far East (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta, 10:147-150.
  77. Mikhaljova EV, 2004. The millipedes (Diplopoda) of the Asian part of Russia. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, pp. 1-292.
  78. Mikhaljova EV, 2007. The millipedes(Diplopoda) of the Nature Reserve "Bastak". In: Materials of the Scientific-Practical Conference, devoted to the 10th Anniversary of Nature Reserve "Bastak" (Ed., Kalinin AY). IKARP DVO RAN Publisher, Birobidzhan, pp. 80-83.
  79. Mikhaljova EV, 2019a. Millipedes of the order Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) from the Russian Far East and Siberia in the collection of the Natural History Museum of Denmark. Far Eastern Entomologist, 374:1-9. https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.374.1
  80. Mikhaljova EV, 2019b. Identities of the millipede genera Skleroprotopus Attems, 1901 and Ansiulus Takakuwa, 1940 (Diplopoda: Julida: Mongoliulidae), with emphasis on the postembryonic development of Skleroprotopus coreanus(Pocock, 1895). Zootaxa, 4551:501-529. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.5.1
  81. Mikhaljova EV, 2021. Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 751:159-184. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
  82. Mikhaljova EV, Bakurov VD, 1989. On millipedes (Diplopoda) of the Siniy Mountain Ridge (Sikhote-Alin). In: Soil invertebrates in the south of the Far East. Khabarovsk, pp. 38-47.
  83. Mikhaljova EV, Golovatch SI, 1981. Polymorphism in a new species of the genus Epanerchodus (Diplopoda, Polydesmidae) from the Soviet Far East. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 60:1183-1189 (in Russian with English summary).
  84. Mikhaljova EV, Golovatch SI, Wytwer J, 2000. On some new or poorly-known millipedes (Diplopoda) from North Korea. Fragmenta Faunistica, 43:109-122. https://doi.org/10.3161/00159301FF2000.43.10.109
  85. Mikhaljova EV, Kim JP, 1993. Contribution to the millipede fauna of Korea (Diplopoda). Korean Arachnology, 9:31-42.
  86. Mikhaljova EV, Korsos Z, 2003. Millipedes (Diplopoda) from Korea, the Russian Far East, and China in the collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 49:215-242.
  87. Mikhaljova EV, Lim KY, 2000. Millipede fauna (Diplopoda) of South Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 16:147-157.
  88. Mikhaljova EV, Lim KY, 2001. New millipedes from Korea, with notes on the identity of Epanerchodus koreanus Verhoeff, 1937 (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta, 10:19-26.
  89. Mikhaljova EV, Lim KY, 2006a. New records of the milliped order Polyzoniida from Korean Peninsula, with a redescription of Kiusiozonium okai (Takakuwa and Miyosi, 1949) (Diplopoda). Zootaxa, 1256:59-68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1256.1.5
  90. Mikhaljova EV, Lim KY, 2006b. New species of the genus Hyleoglomeris from Korea (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Glomeridae). Zootaxa, 1224:45-58. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1224.1.4
  91. Mikhaljova EV, Lim KY, 2006c. The millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 in the Korean Peninsula, with a description of a new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zootaxa, 1350:45-53. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1350.1.4
  92. Mikhaljova EV, Lim KY, 2008. The millipede family Diplomaragnidae Attems 1907 in the Korean Peninsula, with the descriptions of a new genus and new species(Diplopoda, Chordeumatida). Zootaxa, 1925:51-61. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1925.1.6
  93. Mikhaljova EV, Lim KY, 2018. New and poorly-known millipedes (Diplopoda) from Korea. Far Eastern Entomologist, 349:1-10. https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.349.1
  94. Mikhaljova EV, Marusik YM, 2004. New data on taxonomy and fauna of the millipedes (Diplopoda) from the Russian Far East, Siberia and Mongolia. Far Eastern Entomologist, 133:1-12.
  95. Mikhaljova EV, Petukhova EL, 1983. A comparative analysis of the millipede faunas (Diplopoda) of Primorsky Province's forests with the help of inclusion and similarity indices. In: Graph theoretic methods in biogeographical investigations (Eds., Semkin BI, Sukhanov VV). DVNTS AN SSSR Publisher, Vladivostok, pp. 48-66.
  96. Miyosi Y, 1953. Beitrage zur Kenntniss japanischer Myriopoden 7. Aufsatz: uber Gonopoden und Nebengonopoden von Bazillozonium, Trichozonium und Yamasinaium (Platydesmidae). Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 62:23-26.
  97. Miyosi Y, 1958a. Beitrage zur Kenntnis japanischer Myriopoden. 24. Aufsatz. Zoological Magazine, 67:180-183.
  98. Miyosi Y, 1958b. Beitrage zur Kenntnis japanischer Myriopoden. 25. Aufsatz. Zoological Magazine, 67:297-300.
  99. Miyosi Y, 1959. uber japanische Diplopoden. Arachnological Society of East Asia, Osaka, pp. 1-233 (in Japanese with Gearman summary).
  100. Murakami Y, Paik KY, 1968. Results of the speleological survey in South Korea 1966. XI. Cave-dwelling myriapods from the southern part of Korea. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, 11:363-384.
  101. National Institute of Biological Resources. 2019. National species list of Korea. II. Vertebrates, invertebrates, protozoans. Designzip, Seoul, pp. 1-908.
  102. Nguyen AD, Jang KH, Hyun JS, Hwang UW, 2016. An updated checklist and perspective study of millipedes (Arthropoda: Myriapoda: Diplopoda) in the Korean Peninsula. Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity, 32:44-48. https://doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2016.32.1.044
  103. Nguyen AD, Korsos Z, Jang KH, Hwang UW, 2017. A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the millipede genus Oxidus Cook, 1911 (Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 293:1-22. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.293
  104. Nguyen AD, Sierwald P, 2013. A worldwide catalog of the family Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). CheckList, 9:1132-1353. https://doi.org/10.15560/9.6.1132
  105. Nishikawa Y, Murakami Y, 1991. Distributional records on Japanese millipeds(I). Faculty of Letters Review Otemon Gakuin University, 25:291-313.
  106. Paik KY, 1958. A list of Chilopoda, Symphila and Diplopoda from Korea. Kyungpook University Thesis Collection, 2:351-369 (in Korean with English summary).
  107. Paik KY, 1960. On the Myriapods of Mt. Jiri. Applied Zoology, 3:5-13.
  108. Paik KY, 1961. The myriapods of Quealpart Island, Korea. Kyungpook University Thesis Collection, 5:75-88.
  109. Paik KY, 1963. Survey of the myriapods fauna of Mt. Sokkri, Chungceung-Pookdo, Korea. Kyungpook University. Thesis Collection, 7:33-42.
  110. Paik KY, 1976a. A new myriapod of the genus Fusiulus (Julidae: Diplopoda). Kyungpook University Thesis Collection, 6/7:157-160.
  111. Paik KY, 1976b. Spider and myriapod fauna of Buryeung-sa district. Report of the KACN, 39:82-89.
  112. Pocock RI, 1895. Report upon the Chilopoda and Diplopoda obtained by P. W. Basset-Smith, Esq., Surgeon R. N., during the cruise in the Chinese seas of H.M.S. "Penguin", Commander W. U. Moore commanding. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15:346-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939508677895
  113. Pocock RI, 1903. Remarks upon the morphology and systematics of certain chilognathous diplopods. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 12:515-532. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930308678889
  114. Qiu L, Im ES, Hur J, Shim KM, 2020. Added value of very high resolution climate simulations over South Korea using WRF modeling system. Climate Dynamics, 54:173-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04992-x
  115. Shear WA, 1990. On the Central and East Asian milliped family Diplomaragnidae (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Diplomaragnoidea). American Museum Novitates, 2977:1-40.
  116. Shelley RM, 1998. The milliped family Polyzoniidae in North America, with a classification of the global fauna (Diplopoda Polyzoniida). Arthropoda Selecta, 6:3-34.
  117. Shelley RM, 2002. A revised, annotated, family-level classification of the Diplopoda. Arthropoda Selecta, 11:187-207.
  118. Sierwald P, Bond JE, 2007. Current status of the myriapod class Diplopoda (millipedes): taxonomic diversity and phylogeny. Annual Review of Entomology, 52:401-420. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.52.111805.090210
  119. Silvestri F, 1910. Descrizioni preliminari di novi generi di Diplopodi. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 35:357-364.
  120. Takakuwa Y, 1940a. Die Fusiulus Arten (Diplopoda). Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 16:218-226.
  121. Takakuwa Y, 1940b. uber Scleroprotopus-Arten (Chilopoda). Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 19:19-22.
  122. Takakuwa Y, 1940c. uber eine neue Diplopoda gattiung aus Japan. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 16:117-119.
  123. Takakuwa Y, 1941a. Weitere japanische Lithobius-Arten und zwei neue Diplopoden. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 17:1-9.
  124. Takakuwa Y, 1941b. Rhysodesmus-Arten aus Japan. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 31:412-415.
  125. Takakuwa Y, 1942a. Zur Kenntnis Japanischen Diplopoden. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 21:39-47.
  126. Takakuwa Y, 1942b. Die Myriopoden aus Formosa, Philippinien U. S. W. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society Formosa, 32:359-367.
  127. Takakuwa Y, 1954. A study of Japanese Diplopoda. A monograph of Diplopoda of Japan. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, pp. 1-241 (in Japanese with German summary).
  128. Takakuwa Y, Miyosi Y, 1949. uber eine neue Gattung und eine neue Art von Colobognathaaus Japan. Acta Arachnologica, 11:26-32. https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.11.26
  129. Takakuwa Y, Takashima H, 1940. Chilopods and Diplopods known from Korea. Acta Arachnologica, 5:164-185. https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.5.164
  130. Takakuwa Y, Takashima H, 1944. Chilopods and Diplopods known from Korea, part II. Acta Arachnologica, 9:22-32. https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.9.22
  131. Tanabe T, Ishii K, Yin WY, 1996. Two new xystodesmid millipeds from the Tian-mu Mountains, Zhejiang Province, China. Edaphologia, 57:13-19.
  132. Tanabe T, Shinohara, K, 1996. Revision of the millipede genus Xystodesmus, with reference to the status of the tribe Xystodesmini (Diplopoda: Xystodesmidae). Journal of Natural History, 30:1459-1494. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939600770831
  133. Verhoeff KW, 1910. uber Diplopoden. 41. Aufsatz: Indomalayische Glomeriden. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1910:240-249.
  134. Verhoeff KW, 1914. Ascospermophoren aus Japan (uber Diplopoden, 69. Aufsatz.). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 43:342-370.
  135. Verhoeff KW, 1931. Chilognathen aus den Bergamasker Alpen und Nachbargebieten; auch uber zwei neue Gattungen der Polydesmoidea aus Spanien und Japan. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 61:397-522.
  136. Verhoeff KW, 1932. Diplopoden-Beitrage (124 Diplopoden-Aufsatz). Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 62:469-524.
  137. Verhoeff KW, 1935. Neue ostasiatische Colobognathen. 140. Diplopden-Aufsatz. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 112:62-73.
  138. Verhoeff, KW, 1936a. uber Diplopoden aus Japan, gesammelt von Herrn Y. Takakuwa. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 14:148-172.
  139. Verhoeff KW, 1936b. Zur Kenntnis ostasiatischer Strongylosomiden und Fontariiden. 149. Diplopoden-Aufsatz. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 115:297-311.
  140. Verhoeff KW, 1937a. Zur Kenntnis ostasiatischer Diplopoden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 117:309-321.
  141. Verhoeff KW, 1937b. Zur Kenntnis ostasiatischer Diplopoden II. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 119:33-40.
  142. Verhoeff KW, 1938. Ostasiatishe Hohlendiplopoden. Mitteilungen uber Hohlen und Karstforschung, 1938:83-93.
  143. Verhoeff KW, 1939a. Zur Kenntnis ostasiatischer Diplopden IV. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 127:273-285.
  144. Verhoeff KW, 1939b. Diplopoden von der Ryukyu-Insel Okinawa. Transactions of Biogeographical Society of Japan, 3:118-122.
  145. Verhoeff KW, 1940. Zur Kenntnis ostasiatischer Diplopoden V (Polydesmoidea). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 131:129-145.
  146. Verhoeff KW, 1941a. Asyanin zoogeografiyasi ve hayvan sistem-atige hakkinda - Asiatische Beitrage. Istanbul universitesi fen Fakultesi Mecmuasi, 6:85-117.
  147. Verhoeff KW, 1941b. uber Gruppen der Leptodesmiden und neues System der Ordo Polydesmoidea. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, N.F., 10:399-415.
  148. Verhoeff KW, 1942. Ascospermophoren aus Japan und uber neue japanische Diplopoden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 137:201-217.
  149. Wang YHM, 1955. Serica 1c: Supplement to the Myriapoda of the Philippine Islands II. Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum, 8:193-194.
  150. Wang YHM, 1957. Records of myriapods on Taiwan Islands(4) six new Polydesmids. Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum, 10:103-111.
  151. Wirkner CS, Stagl V, Turk N, 2002. The type specimens of the Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) in the Natural History Museum Vienna. Katalog der wissenschaftichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 16:3-31.
  152. Wood HC, 1864. Description of new genera and species of North American Myriapoda. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, 1864:186-187.
  153. Woo HJ, Lee YS, Park SJ, Lim JT, Jang KH, Choi EH, Choi YG, Hwang UW, 2007. Complete mitochondrial genome of a troglobite millipede Antrokoreana gracilipes (Diplopoda, Juliformia, Julida), and juliformian phylogeny. Molecules and Cells, 23:182-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1016-8478(23)07372-7
  154. Woo HJ, Nguyen AD, Jang KH, Choi EH, Ryu SH, Hwang UW, 2017. The complete mitochondrial genome of the Korean endemic millipede Anaulaciulus koreanus (Verhoeff, 1937), with notes on the gene arrangement of millipede orders. Zootaxa, 4329:574-583. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4329.6.3
  155. Yoon TH, 1994. A systematic study of the myriapoda from Mt. Mudeung in Korea. MS thesis, Chonnam University, Gwangju, Korea, pp. 1-44 (in Korean with English abstract).