References
- Alakomi HL, Skytta E, Saarela M, Mattila-Sandholm T, Latva-Kala K, Helander IM. 2000. Lactic acid permeabilizes gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the outer membrane. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66:2001-2005. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.5.2001-2005.2000
- AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. II, 17th Edition. AOAC, Washington, D.C., USA.
- Averous L. 2008. Polylactic acid: Synthesis, properties and applications, monomers, polymers and composites from renewable resources. pp. 433-450. Elsevier, Amsterdam,
- Campbell JM, Crenshaw JD, Polo J. 2013. The biological stress of early weaned piglets. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 4:1-4. https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-1891-4-1
- Cave N. 1984. Effect of dietary propionic and lactic acids on feed intake by chicks. Poultry Science 63:131-134. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0630131
- Farmer C. 2020. The suckling and weaned piglet. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, Netherlands.
- Ferronato G, Prandini A. 2020. Dietary supplementation of inorganic, organic, and fatty acids in pig: A review. Animals 10:1740.
- Huting A, Middelkoop A, Guan X, Molist F. 2021. Using nutritional strategies to shape the gastro-intestinal tracts of suckling and weaned piglets. Animals 11:402.
- Joo JW, Yang Y, Choi JY, Choi SC, Cho WT, Chae BJ. 2009. Comparison of the efficacy of different organic acids on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 51:15-24. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2009.51.1.015
- Kiarie E, Voth C, Wey D, Zhu C, Vingerhoeds P, Borucki S, Squires E. 2018. Comparative efficacy of antibiotic growth promoter and benzoic acid on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and indices of gut health in nursery pigs fed corn-soybean meal diet. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 98:868-874. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2018-0056
- Kim Y, Kil DY, Oh H, Han IK. 2005. Acidifier as an alternative material to antibiotics in animal feed. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 18:1048-1060. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1048
- Lee J, Kim JW, Hall H, Nyachoti CM. 2021. Effect of dietary organic acids supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut morphology in weaned pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 102:1-11.
- Li M, Long S, Wang Q, Zhang L, Hu J, Yang J, Cheng Z, Piao X. 2019. Mixed organic acids improve nutrients digestibility, volatile fatty acids composition and intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs fed high-fiber diet. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 32:856.
- Li S, Zheng J, Deng K, Chen L, Zhao XL, Jiang X, Fang Z, Che L, Xu S, Feng B. 2018. Supplementation with organic acids showing different effects on growth performance, gut morphology, and microbiota of weaned pigs fed with highly or less digestible diets. Journal of Animal Science 96:3302-3318. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky197
- Muhizi S, Kim IH. 2021. Effect of dietary poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seed meal supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal microbiota and blood profile in growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Feed Science 30:58-63. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/133958/2021
- Nguyen DH, Seok WJ, Kim IH. 2020. Organic acids mixture as a dietary additive for pigs. Animals 10:952.
- NRC (National Research Council). 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine, 11th rev. edition. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
- Rudback L. 2013. Organic acids in liquid feed for pigs-palatability and feed intake. Second cycle, A2E. Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Sureshkumar S, Kim IH. 2022. Preliminary study to investigate the effects of zinc oxide on growth performance, total tract digestibility, and fecal scores in growing pigs fed a diet based on corn and wheat. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 49:163-170. https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20220013
- Tsiloyiannis V, Kyriakis S, Vlemmas J, Sarris K. 2001. The effect of organic acids on the control of porcine post-weaning diarrhoea. Research in Veterinary Science 70:287-293. https://doi.org/10.1053/rvsc.2001.0476
- Tugnoli B, Giovagnoni G, Piva A, Grilli E. 2020. From acidifiers to intestinal health enhancers: How organic acids can improve growth efficiency of pigs. Animals 10:134.
- Walsh M, Sholly D, Hinson R, Trapp S, Sutton A, Radcliffe J, Smith J, Richert B. 2007. Effects of Acid LAC and Kem-Gest acid blends on growth performance and microbial shedding in weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science 85:459-467. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2005-630
- Willamil J, Creus E, Francisco PJ, Mateu E, Martin-Orue SM. 2011. Effect of a microencapsulated feed additive of lactic and formic acid on the prevalence of Salmonella in pigs arriving at the abattoir. Archives of Animal Nutrition 65:431-444. https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2011.623047
- Williams CH, David DJ, Iismaa O. 1962. The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometery. The Journal of Agricultural Science 59:381-385. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185960001546X