Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas (한국가스학회지)

The Korean Institute of GAS (한국가스학회)
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A Review of Enhanced Oil Recovery Technology with CCS and Field Cases

CCS와 연계한 석유회수증진 기술 동향 및 현장사례 분석

  • Park Hyeri (Dept. of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Hochang Jang (Dept. of Energy Resources and Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University)
  • 박혜리 (강원대학교 에너지자원융합공학과) ;
  • 장호창 (강원대학교 에너지자원화학공학과)
  • Received : 2023.05.03
  • Accepted : 2023.07.27
  • Published : 2023.09.30
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Abstract

Carbon capture, and storage (CCS) is important for the reduction of greenhouse gases and achieving carbon neutrality. CCS focuses on storing captured CO2 permanently in underground reservoirs. CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is one form of CCS, where CO2 is injected into the underground to enhance oil recovery. CO2-EOR not only aids in the extraction of residual oil but also contributes to carbon neutrality by storing CO2 underground continuously. CO2-EOR can be classified into miscible and immiscible methods, with the CO2-water alternating gas (CO2-WAG) technique being a representative approach within the miscible method. In CO2-WAG, water and CO2 are alternately injected into the reservoir, enabling oil production and CO2 storage. The WAG method allows for controlling the breakthrough of injection fluids, providing advantages in oil recovery. It also induces hysteresis in relative permeability during the injection and production process, expanding the amount of trapped CO2. In this study, the effects of enhancing oil recovery and storing CO2 underground during CO2-EOR were presented. Additionally, cases of CO2-EOR application in relation to CCS were introduced.

온실가스 감축과 탄소 중립의 실현을 위해서 탄소의 포집, 저장(carbon capture, and storage, CCS) 기술은 매우 중요하다. CCS는 CO2 저장을 중점적으로 함으로써, 포획된 CO2를 지하 저류층 내부에 영구적으로 보관하는 역할을 한다. CO2--EOR(enhanced oil recovery)은 CCS의 한 형태로, 오일 회수 촉진을 위해 CO2를 지하 내부로 주입시켜 잔류 오일 회수에 도움을 줄 뿐만 아니라 CO2가 지하에 저장되어 탄소 중립에도 기여하는 기술이다. 이 CO2-EOR은 혼화공법과 비혼화공법으로 분류하며 혼화공법의 대표적인 방식인 CO2-WAG(water alternating gas)는 물과 CO2를 저류층 내부에 교대로 주입하여 오일을 생산하고 CO2를 저장하는 공법이다. WAG 방식은 주입 유체의 돌파를 조절할 수 있어 오일 회수에 유리한 특징을 보이며, 흡입과 배출 과정 중에 상대투과도의 이력현상을 유도해 CO2의 잔류 격리량을 확대할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 CO2-EOR 과정에서의 석유회수증진 효과와 CO2가 지중에 저장되는 메커니즘을 설명하였으며, CCS와 연계한 CO2-EOR 적용 사례를 소개하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2022년도 정부(교육부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 기초연구사업이며(No.2020R1F1A1048182), 2023년도 정부(산업통상자원부)의 재원으로 해외자원개발협회의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구입니다(2021060001, 데이터사이언스 기반 석유·가스 탐사 컨소시엄).

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