Acknowledgement
The author acknowledge many physicians who helped to perform rigid bronchoscopy procedures, and professionals involved in patient care and article publications.
References
- Jung SS, Park HS, Kim JO, Kim SY. Incidence and clinical predictors of endobronchial tuberculosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Respirology 2015;20:488-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.12474
- Albert RK, Petty TL. Endobronchial tuberculosis progressing to bronchial stenosis: fiberoptic bronchoscopic manifestations. Chest 1976;70:537-9. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.70.4.537
- Chung HS, Lee JH. Bronchoscopic assessment of the evolution of endobronchial tuberculosis. Chest 2000;117:385-92. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.117.2.385
- Kim YH, Kim HT, Lee KS, Uh ST, Cung YT, Park CS. Serial fiberoptic bronchoscopic observations of endobronchial tuberculosis before and early after antituberculosis chemotherapy. Chest 1993;103:673-7. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.103.3.673
- Smith LS, Schillaci RF, Sarlin RF. Endobronchial tuberculosis: serial fiberoptic bronchoscopy and natural history. Chest 1987;91:644-7. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.91.5.644
- Lee JH, Park SS, Lee DH, Shin DH, Yang SC, Yoo BM. Endobronchial tuberculosis: clinical and bronchoscopic features in 121 cases. Chest 1992;102:990-4. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.102.4.990
- Shahzad T, Irfan M. Endobronchial tuberculosis: a review. J Thorac Dis 2016;8:3797-802. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2016.12.73
- Iwamoto Y, Miyazawa T, Kurimoto N, Miyazu Y, Ishida A, Matsuo K, et al. Interventional bronchoscopy in the management of airway stenosis due to tracheobronchial tuberculosis. Chest 2004;126:1344-52. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.126.4.1344
- Han JK, Im JG, Park JH, Han MC, Kim YW, Shim YS. Bronchial stenosis due to endobronchial tuberculosis: successful treatment with self-expanding metallic stent. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1992;159:971-2. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.159.5.1414809
- Jeong BH, Ng J, Jeong SH, Kim H. Clinical outcomes of complications following self-expandable metallic stent insertion for benign tracheobronchial stenosis. Medicina (Kaunas) 2020;56:367.
- Dumon JF. A dedicated tracheobronchial stent. Chest 1990;97:328-32. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.97.2.328
- Kim HJ. Airway silicone stenting in the management of tracheobronchial stenosis. Tuberc Respir Dis 2007;62:95-7. https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2007.62.2.95
- Ryu YJ, Kim H, Yu CM, Choi JC, Kwon YS, Kwon OJ. Use of silicone stents for the management of post-tuberculosis tracheobronchial stenosis. Eur Respir J 2006;28:1029-35. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00020906
- Kim HJ, Kim SW, Lee HY, Kang HH, Kang JY, Kim JS, et al. Clinical experience of rigid bronchoscopy in single center. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2012;72:486-92. https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2012.72.6.486
- Rosell A, Stratakos G. Therapeutic bronchoscopy for central airway diseases. Eur Respir Rev 2020;29:190178.
- Karush JM, Seder CW, Raman A, Chmielewski GW, Liptay MJ, Warren WH, et al. Durability of silicone airway stents in the management of benign central airway obstruction. Lung 2017;195:601-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-017-0023-4
- Kim JH, Shin JH, Song HY, Shim TS, Ko GY, Yoon HK, et al. Tracheobronchial laceration after balloon dilation for benign strictures: incidence and clinical significance. Chest 2007;131:1114-7. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.06-2301
- Batra H, Yarmus L. Indications and complications of rigid bronchoscopy. Expert Rev Respir Med 2018;12:509-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/17476348.2018.1473037
- Dutau H, Vandemoortele T, Breen DP. Rigid bronchoscopy. Clin Chest Med 2013;34:427-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2013.04.003
- Zakaluzny SA, Lane JD, Mair EA. Complications of tracheobronchial airway stents. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;128:478-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0194-59980300002-0
- Kim B. Factors for successful removal of airway silicone stents in patients with post-tuberculosis tracheobronchial stenosis (dissertation). Seoul: The Graduate School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University; 2022.
- Tay CK, Jeong BH, Kim H. Angulated stents: a novel stent improvisation to manage difficult post-tuberculosis bronchial stenosis. ASAIO J 2018;64:565-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0000000000000692
- Verma A, Um SW, Koh WJ, Suh GY, Chung MP, Kwon OJ, et al. Long-term tolerance of airway silicone stent in patients with post-tuberculosis tracheobronchial stenosis. ASAIO J 2012;58:530-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0b013e318263c76f
- Lim SY, Park HK, Jeon K, Um SW, Koh WJ, Suh GY, et al. Factors predicting outcome following airway stenting for post-tuberculosis tracheobronchial stenosis. Respirology 2011;16:959-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01998.x
- Eom JS, Kim H, Park HY, Jeon K, Um SW, Koh WJ, et al. Timing of silicone stent removal in patients with post-tuberculosis bronchial stenosis. Ann Thorac Med 2013;8:218-23. https://doi.org/10.4103/1817-1737.118504
- Verma A, Park HY, Lim SY, Um SW, Koh WJ, Suh GY, et al. Posttuberculosis tracheobronchial stenosis: use of CT to optimize the time of silicone stent removal. Radiology 2012;263:562-8. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.11111463
- Park IW, Choi BW, Hue SH. Prospective study of corticosteroid as an adjunct in the treatment of endobronchial tuberculosis in adults. Respirology 1997;2:275-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.1997.tb00089.x