DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Health and Environmental Message Framing on Consumer Attitude and WoM: Focused on Vegan Product

건강과 환경 메시지 프레이밍에 따른 소비자 태도와 구전에 미치는 영향: 비건 제품을 중심으로

  • Park, Seoyoung (School of Business, Graduate School, Hanyang University) ;
  • Lim, Boram (Marketing/Data Science Dept., Hanyang University)
  • 박서영 (한양대학교 경영대학 ) ;
  • 임보람 (한양대학교 경영대학, 마케팅/데이터사이언스 학부)
  • Received : 2023.05.08
  • Accepted : 2023.08.08
  • Published : 2023.09.30

Abstract

Recently, digital advertising has shifted towards delivering messages through short ads of less than 15 seconds, and on social media, ads need to convey the message within 5 seconds before consumers skip them. Although the length of advertisements has decreased, advancements in artificial intelligence algorithms and big data analysis have made it possible to deliver personalized messages that cater to consumers' interests. In this changing landscape, the importance of delivering tailored messages through short and efficient ads is increasing. In this study, we examined the effects of message framing as part of effective message delivery. Specifically, we examined the differences in the effects of two framings, "health" and "environment," for vegan products. The growing consumer interest in health and the environment has elevated the interest in vegan products, and the vegan market is expanding rapidly. Consumers purchase vegan products not only for personal health benefits but also due to their ethical responsibility towards the environment, which can be considered ethical consumption. Previous research has not shown the differences in the effects between health and environment message framings, and the research has been limited to vegan food products. This study investigates the differences in the effects of health and environment message framings using a dish soap product category. By identifying which advertising messages, either health or environment, are more effective in promoting vegan products, this study provides insights for companies to enhance their message framing strategies effectively.

최근 디지털 광고는 15초 미만의 짧은 광고를 통해 메시지를 전달해야 하며, 소셜미디어에서 광고는 소비자가 스킵하기 전까지 5초 이내에 메시지를 전달해야 한다. 광고의 길이가 짧아졌지만, 인공지능을 통한 알고리즘과 빅데이터 분석은 고객의 관심사에 맞는 메시지 전달을 가능하게 하였다. 이런 변화 속에서 짧고 효율적인 광고를 이용한 소비자 맞춤 메시지 전달의 중요성은 날로 커지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 효과적인 메시지 전달을 위한 메시지 프레이밍 효과에 대해 살펴보았다. 구체적으로, 비건 제품에 대한 '건강'과 '환경' 두 가지 프레이밍 효과의 차이를 살펴보았다. 건강과 환경에 대한 소비자 관심의 증가는 비건 제품에 대한 관심을 높였으며, 비건 시장은 날로 크게 성장하고 있다. 소비자가 비건 제품을 구매하는 이유는 소비자 개인의 건강을 위해서이기도 하지만, 윤리적 소비라고 할 수 있는 환경에 대한 책임감 또한 무시 못 할 요인이다. 기존 연구에서는 건강과 환경 메시지 프레이밍 간의 효과의 차이가 측정되지 못하였으며, 연구 대상도 비건 식품에 국한되었다. 본 연구에서는 주방세제 제품군을 이용하여 '건강과 환경 메시지 프레이밍' 효과의 차이를 밝혀내고자 한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 한양대학교 교내연구지원사업으로 연구되었음 (HY-202200000003520)

References

  1. Aaker, D.A. (1991). Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the Value of A Brand Name, The Free Press. New York, NY, 247-248. 
  2. Arndt, J. (1967). Word-of-mouth advertising and informal communication. Risk taking and information handling in consumer behavior, 32(3), 188-239. 
  3. Aschemann-Witzel, J., Gantriis, R.F., Fraga, P., and Perez-Cueto, F.J. (2021). Plant-based food and protein trend from a business perspective: markets, consumers, and the challenges and opportunities in the future. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 61(18), 3119-3128.  https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1793730
  4. Ajzen, I. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood cliffs. 
  5. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  6. Bansal, H.S., and Voyer, P.A. (2000). Word-of-mouth processes within a services purchase decision context. Journal of Service Research, 3(2), 166-177.  https://doi.org/10.1177/109467050032005
  7. Bang, H. and Choi, Y. (2015). The effect of oral information characteristics on attitude and behavioral intention: Focusing on social media dining information users. Tourism Studies, 30(4), 73-92.
  8. Cho, S., and Kim, E. (2013). Effects of message framing and audience's future-oriented disposition on the persuasion effect of health message Application of prospect theory. Public Relations Studies, 17(3), 77-119. https://doi.org/10.15814/jpr.2013.17.3.77
  9. Chong, D., and Druckman, J.N. (2007). Framing theory. Annual review of political science, 10(1), 103-126.  https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
  10. Circus, V.E., and Robison, R. (2019). Exploring perceptions of sustainable proteins and meat attachment. British Food Journal, 121(2), 533-545  https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-01-2018-0025
  11. Contini, C., Boncinelli, F., Marone, E., Scozzafava, G., and Casini, L. (2020). Drivers of plant-based convenience foods consumption: Results of a multicomponent extension of the theory of planned behaviour. Food Quality and Preference, 84, 103931. 
  12. Cordts, A., Nitzko, S., and Spiller, A. (2014). Consumer response to negative information on meat consumption in Germany. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 17(1030-2016-82984), 83-106. 
  13. De Boer, J., Schosler, H., and Boersema, J. J. (2013). Climate change and meat eating: An inconvenient couple?. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 33, 1-8.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.09.001
  14. Dhar, R. (1997). Consumer preference for a no-choice option. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(2), 215-231.  https://doi.org/10.1086/209506
  15. Erdem, T., Swait, J., and Valenzuela, A. (2006). Brands as signals: A cross-country validation study. Journal of Marketing, 70(1), 34-49.  https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.70.1.034.qxd
  16. Garvin, D. A. (1983). Quality on the line, Harvard Business Review. 
  17. Ghvanidze, S., Velikova, N., Dodd, T., and Oldewage-Theron, W. (2017). A discrete choice experiment of the impact of consumers' environmental values, ethical concerns, and health consciousness on food choices: A cross-cultural analysis. British Food Journal, 119(4), 863-881.  https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-07-2016-0342
  18. Godfray, H.C.J., Aveyard, P., Garnett, T., Hall, J.W., Key, T.J., Lorimer, J., and Jebb, S.A. (2018). Meat consumption, health, and the environment. Science, 361(6399), eaam5324. 
  19. Goncalves, H.M., Lourenco, T.F., and Silva, G.M. (2016). Green buying behavior and the theory of consumption values: A fuzzy-set approach. Journal of Business Research, 69(4), 1484-1491.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.129
  20. Greenebaum, J. (2018). Vegans of color: Managing visible and invisible stigmas. Food, Culture & Society, 21(5), 680-697. 
  21. Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Babin, B.J., and Black, W. C. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (Vol. 7). 
  22. Han, L., Wang, S., Zhao, D., and Li, J. (2017). The intention to adopt electric vehicles: Driven by functional and non-functional values. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 103, 185-197.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.05.033
  23. Hines, J.M., Hungerford, H.R., and Tomera, A.N. (1987). Analysis and synthesis of research on responsible environmental behavior: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Environmental Education, 18(2), 1-8.  https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1987.9943482
  24. Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Vol. 5. sage. 
  25. Isham, A., Geusen, J., and Gatersleben, B. (2022). The Influence of Framing Plant-Based Products in Terms of Their Health vs. Environmental Benefits: Interactions with Individual Wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 11948. 
  26. Jeon, S. (2009). The impact of perceived quality factors on customer loyalty (Doctoral deissertation, Hanyang University) 
  27. Korea Agro-Fisheries & Food Trade Corporation. (2020). 2020 Report on domestic and foreign dining trends. Jeonnam, Korea: Korea Agro-Fisheries & Food Trade Corporation Publishing. 
  28. Lee, H. and Lim, J. (2004). Brand Charisma, shaping factors, and effects: the coordinated action of symbolic/functional involvement. Marketing studies, 19(3), 137-177. 
  29. Lutz, R.J., and Reilly, P.J. (1974). An exploration of the effects of perceived social and performance risk on consumer information acquisition. ACR North American Advances. 
  30. Maloney, M.P., and Ward, M.P. (1973). Ecology: Let's hear from the people: An objective scale for the measurement of ecological attitudes and knowledge. American Psychologist, 28(7), 583. 
  31. Niemiec, R., Jones, M.S., Mertens, A., and Dillard, C. (2021). The effectiveness of COVID-related message framing on public beliefs and behaviors related to plant-based diets. Appetite, 165, 105293. 
  32. Richardson, P.S., Jain, A.K., and Dick, A. (1996). Household store brand proneness: a framework. Journal of retailing, 72(2), 159-185.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(96)90012-3
  33. Rodrigues, J., and Domingos, T. (2008). Consumer and producer environmental responsibility: Comparing two approaches. Ecological Economics, 66(2-3), 533-546.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.12.010
  34. Rosenfeld, D.L., and Burrow, A.L. (2017). Vegetarian on purpose: Understanding the motivations of plant-based dieters. Appetite, 116, 456-463.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.039
  35. Rothgerber, H. (2014). A comparison of attitudes toward meat and animals among strict and semi-vegetarians. Appetite, 72, 98-105.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.10.002
  36. Sadachar, A., Feng, F., Karpova, E.E., and Manchiraju, S. (2016). Predicting environmentally responsible apparel consumption behavior of future apparel industry professionals: The role of environmental apparel knowledge, environmentalism and materialism. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 7(2), 76-88.  https://doi.org/10.1080/20932685.2015.1131433
  37. Schiermeier, Q. (2019). Eat less meat: UN climate-change report calls for change to human diet. Nature, 572(7769), 291-293. 
  38. Semprebon, E., Mantovani, D., Demczuk, R., Maior, C.S., and Vilasanti, V. (2018). Green consumption: a network analysis in marketing. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 37(1), 18-32. 
  39. Sen, S., and Lerman, D. (2007). Why are you telling me this? An examination into negative consumer reviews on the web. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 21(4), 76-94.  https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.20090
  40. Steinhorst, J., Klockner, C.A., and Matthies, E. (2015). Saving electricity-For the money or the environment? Risks of limiting pro-environmental spillover when using monetary framing. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 43, 125-135.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.05.012
  41. Stern, P.C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G.A., and Kalof, L. (1999). A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmentalism. Human Ecology Review, 81-97. 
  42. Stone, G., Barnes, J. H., and Montgomery, C. (1995). Ecoscale: a scale for the measurement of environmentally responsible consumers. Psychology & Marketing, 12(7), 595-612. 
  43. Urban, J., Bahnik, S., and Kohlova, M.B. (2019). Green consumption does not make people cheat: Three attempts to replicate moral licensing effect due to pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 63, 139-147.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.01.011
  44. Veganism. (2021). Wikipedia Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veganism#History 
  45. Verplanken, B., and Holland, R.W. (2002). Motivated decision making: effects of activation and self-centrality of values on choices and behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology, 82(3), 434. 
  46. Visschers, V.H., and Siegrist, M. (2015). Does better for the environment mean less tasty? Offering more climate-friendly meals is good for the environment and customer satisfaction. Appetite, 95, 475-483.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.08.013
  47. Wu, B., and Yang, Z. (2018). The impact of moral identity on consumers' green consumption tendency: The role of perceived responsibility for environmental damage. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 59, 74-84.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.08.011
  48. Wu, J., Wu, Y., Sun, J., and Yang, Z. (2013). User reviews and uncertainty assessment: A two stage model of consumers' willingness-to-pay in online markets. Decision Support Systems, 55(1), 175-185.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2013.01.017
  49. Ye, T., and Mattila, A.S. (2021). The effect of ad appeals and message framing on consumer responses to plant-based menu items. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 95, 102917 
  50. Zeithaml, V.A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: a means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of marketing, 52(3), 2-22.  https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298805200302
  51. Zhang, L., Li, D., Cao, C., and Huang, S. (2018). The influence of greenwashing perception on green purchasing intentions: The mediating role of green word-of-mouth and moderating role of green concern. Journal of Cleaner Production, 187, 740-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.201