Journal of Bio-Environment Control (생물환경조절학회지)

The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control (한국생물환경조절학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of Fruit Yield and Quality of Netted Melon, Water and Nutrient Use Efficiency in a Closed Hydroponic System

순환식 수경재배 멜론의 수량과 품질, 관개수 및 양분 이용 효율성 평가

  • Minju Shin (Protected Horticulture Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science) ;
  • Seungri Yoon (Protected Horticulture Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science) ;
  • Jin Hyun Kim (Protected Horticulture Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science) ;
  • Ho Jeong Jeong (Protected Horticulture Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science) ;
  • Sung Kyeom Kim (Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agricultural and Science, Kyungpook National University)
  • 신민주 (국립원예특작과학원 시설원예연구소 및 경북대학교 원예과학과) ;
  • 윤승리 (국립원예특작과학원 시설원예연구소 ) ;
  • 김진현 (국립원예특작과학원 시설원예연구소 및 경북대학교 원예과학과) ;
  • 정호정 (국립원예특작과학원 시설원예연구소 ) ;
  • 김성겸 (경북대학교 원예과학과 )
  • Received : 2023.10.10
  • Accepted : 2023.10.30
  • Published : 2023.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The spectrum of this study was research on the closed hydroponic cultivation of netted melons (Cucumis melo L.) using coir substrate, analyzing the impact of this cultivation method on melon yield, fruit quality, and the efficiency of water and nutrient usage. The experimental results showed that the average fruit weight of the melons grown in a closed system was 71.4 g higher than that of the open system, and the fruit width was on average 0.2 cm larger, showing a statistically significant difference. However, there was no difference in the average sugar content of the fruit flesh and height. Although there is no substantial commercial difference, it is conjectured that the change in the macronutrients ratio in the irrigation has played a role in the statistically significant increase in fruit weight, which is attributed to changes in the crops' nutrient uptake concentrations. This necessitates further research for a more comprehensive understanding. In terms of the productivity of irrigation required to produce the fruit, applying the closed system resulted in an increase of 7.6 kg/ton compared to the open system, saving 31.6% of water resources. Additionally, in terms of nutrients, cultivating in a closed system allowed for savings of approximately 59, 25, 55, 83, 76, and 87% of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively, throughout the entire cultivation period. As the drainage was reused, the ratios of NO3- and Ca2+ increased up to a maximum of 9.6 and 9.1%, respectively, while the ratios of other ions gradually decreased. In summary, these results suggest that closed hydroponic cultivation can effectively optimize the use of water and fertilizer while maintaining excellent fruit quality in melon cultivation.

본 연구는 코이어 배지를 활용한 멜론(Cucumis melo L.)의 순환식 수경재배에 관한 연구로, 이 재배 방식이 멜론의 수량, 과실 품질, 물과 양분 사용 효율에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 순환식으로 키운 과실의 평균 과중은 비순환식에 비하여 71.4g 높았고, 과폭은 평균0.2cm 더 크게 측정되어 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으나 과고와 과육의 평균 당도는 차이가 없었다. 상업적으로는 큰 차이는 없으나 통계적으로 과중이 증가한 데에는 급액 내 다량원소 비율 변화에 따른 작물 흡수 농도 변화가 관여하였을 것으로 판단되며 이는 추가적인 연구가 필요하다. 과실을 생산하는 데에 필요한 관개수의 생산성을 분석한 결과 비순환식보다 순환식을 적용했을 때 7.6kg/ton 상승하여 수자원을 31.6% 절약할 수 있었다. 또한, 양분의 경우 순환식으로 재배하였을 때 전 재배기간 동안 N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S를 각각 약 59, 25, 55, 83, 76, 87%만큼 절약할 수 있으며, 배액을 재사용할수록 NO3-와 Ca2+의 비율은 각각 최대 9.6, 9.1%까지 증가하고 두 이온을 제외한 다른 이온들은 그 비율이 점차 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 순환식 수경재배를 통해 멜론 재배 시 과실의 우수한 품질을 유지하면서도 물과 비료의 사용을 효과적으로 최적화할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 농촌진흥청 연구사업(세부과제번호: PJ01604804)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.

References

  1. Ahn T.I., and J.E. Son 2022, Application of an alternative nutrient replenishment method to electrical conductivity-based closed-loop soilless cultures of sweet peppers. Horticulturae 8:295.
  2. Chang Y.H., Y.H. Hwang, C.G. An, H.S. Yoon, J.U. An, C.S. Lim, and G.M. Shon 2012, Effects of non-drainage hydroponic culture on growth, yield, quality and root environments of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). J Bio-Env Con 21:348-353. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2012.21.4.348
  3. Colla G., Y. Rouphael, M. Cardarelli, and E. Rea 2006, Effect of salinity on yield, fruit quality, leaf gas exchange, and mineral composition of grafted watermelon plants. HortScience 41:622-627. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.41.3.622
  4. De Boodt M., and O. Verdonck. 1972, The physical properties of the substrates in horticulture. Acta Hortic 26:37-44. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.1972.26.5
  5. Ding X.T., L.Z. He, R.G. Li, T.T. Qian, H.M. Zhang, H.J. Jin, J.W. Cui, H. Wang, Q. Zhou, J. Zou, D.F. Hui, Y.P. Jiang, K. He, and J.Z. Yu 2022, Zero discharge of nutrient solution to the environment in a soilless greenhouse cucumber production system. Plants-Basel 11:14. doi:10.3390/plants11172252
  6. Domis M., A. Papadopoulos, and A. Gosselin 2002, Greenhouse tomato fruit quality. Hortic Rev 26:239-349.
  7. Ehret D.L., J.G. Menzies, and T. Helmer 2005, Production and quality of greenhouse roses in recirculating nutrient systems. Sci Hortic 106:103-113. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2005.03.002
  8. English M., and S.N. Raja 1996, Perspectives on deficit irrigation. Agric Water Manag 32:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(96)01255-3
  9. Grewal H.S., B. Maheshwari, and S.E. Parks 2011, Water and nutrient use efficiency of a low-cost hydroponic greenhouse for a cucumber crop: An Australian case study. Agric Water Manag 98:841-846. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2010.12.010
  10. Hwang Y.H., C.G. An, Y.H. Chang, H.S. Yoon, J.U. An, G.M. Shon, C.W. Rho, and B.R. Jeong 2012, Effect of zero drainage using drainage zero sensor on root zone environment, growth and yield in tomato rockwool culture. J Bio-Env Con 21:398-403. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2012.21.4.398
  11. Ikeda H., and T. Osawa 1981, Nitrate-and ammonium-N absorption by vegetables from nutrient solution containing ammonium nitrate and the resultant change of solution pH. J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci 50:225-230. https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.50.225
  12. Kim H.J., J.H. Kim, Y.H. Woo, W.S. Kim, and Y.I. Nam 2001, Nutrient and water uptake of tomato plants by growth stage in closed perlite culture. J Korean Soc Hortic Sci 42:254-258.
  13. Kim S.E., S.Y. Sim, and Y.S. Kim 2010, Comparison on irrigation management methods by integrated solar radiation and drainage level sensor in rockwool and coir bag culture for tomato. J Bio-Env Con 19:12-18. (in Korean)
  14. Kumar R.R., and J.Y. Cho 2014, Reuse of hydroponic waste solution. Env Sci Pollut Res 21:9569-9577. doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3024-3
  15. Lee Y.B. 1994, Cultivation of fruits and vegetables using solid media. Proc Korean Soc Bio-Env Con 3:34-54. (in Korean)
  16. Li H., X. Yang, H. Chen, Q. Cui, G. Yuan, X. Han, C. Wei, Y. Zhang, J. Ma, and X. Zhang 2018, Water requirement characteristics and the optimal irrigation schedule for the growth, yield, and fruit quality of watermelon under plastic film mulching. Sci Hortic 241:74-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.067
  17. Lim M.Y., E.S. Jeong, M.Y. Roh, G.L. Choi, S.H. Kim, and C.K. Lee 2022, Changes of plant growth and nutrient concentrations of the drainage according to drainage reuse and substrate type in sweet pepper hydroponics. J Bio-Env Con 31:476-484. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2022.31.4.476
  18. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) 2022a, Agricultural business registration information statistics service. Available via https://uni.agrix.go.kr/
  19. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) 2022b, Present status of greenhouse and vegetable production in 2022. MAFRA, Sejong, Korea, p 116.
  20. Ministry of Environment (ME) 2018, Enforcement rule of the water environment conservation Act, Article 34. Korea. Available via https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_mobile/viewer.do?hseq=62518&type=new&key=
  21. Mishra S., C. Chugh, A. Sharma, and V. Sharma 2017, Correlation analysis of musk melon, Cucumis melo genotypes grown under different water regimes in greenhouse. Biosci Biotechnol Res Commun 10:22-27. https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/10.1/4
  22. Molden D. 1997, Accounting for water use and productivity. IWMI Books, SWIM Paper 1. International Irrigation Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka. doi:10.22004/ag.econ.113623
  23. NAQS 2021, Agricultural products grading standards manual. Ministry of Agriculture, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Gimcheon, Korea, p 59.
  24. Neocleous D., and D. Savvas 2015, Effect of different macronutrient cation ratios on macronutrient and water uptake by melon (Cucumis melo L.) grown in recirculating nutrient solution. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 178:320-332. doi:10.1002/jpln.201400288
  25. Neocleous D., and D. Savvas 2016, NaCl accumulation and macronutrient uptake by a melon crop in a closed hydroponic system in relation to water uptake. Agric Water Manag 165:22-32. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2015.11.013
  26. Neocleous D., G. Ntatsi, and D. Savvas 2017, Physiological, nutritional and growth responses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) to a gradual salinity built-up in recirculating nutrient solution. J Plant Nutr 40:2168-2180. doi:10.1080/01904167.2017.1346673
  27. RDA 2012, Manual for agriculture investigation. Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea, pp 590-593. (in Korean)
  28. RDA 2018a, Development of closed hydroponic technologies with an environment-friendly substrate in cultivation of export fruit vegetable. RDA, Wanju, Korea. (in Korean)
  29. RDA 2018b, Manual for melon cultivation. Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea, p 8. (in Korean)
  30. Roh M.Y., G.L. Choi, H.C. Rhee, T.C. Seo, W.S. Kim, and Y.B. Lee 2009, Changes in nutrient element concentrations and growth of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Joeun Baegdadagi) as affected by nutrient solution composition in recirculating hydroponic systems. J Bio-Env Con 18:363-369. (in Korean)
  31. Savvas D., and G. Manos 1999, Automated composition control of nutrient solution in closed soilless culture systems. J Agric Engin Res 73:29-33. doi:10.1006/jaer.1998.0389
  32. Savvas D., G. Gianquinto, Y. Tuzel, and N. Gruda 2013a, Soilless culture. Good Agricultural Practices for Greenhouse Vegetable Crops 303.
  33. Savvas D., G. Meletiou, S. Margariti, L. Tsirogiannis, and A. Kotsiras 2005a, Modeling the relationship between water uptake by cucumber and NaCl accumulation in a closed hydroponic system. HortScience 40:802-807. doi:10.21273/hortsci.40.3.802
  34. Savvas D., G. Ntatsi, M. Rodopoulou, and F. Goumenaki 2013b, Nutrient uptake concentrations in a cucumber crop grown in a closed hydroponic system under mediterranean climatic conditions as influenced by irrigation schedule. Paper read at International Symposium on Growing Media and Soilless Cultivation, Jun 17-21, at Leiden, The Netherlands.
  35. Savvas D., V.A. Pappa, A. Kotsiras, and G. Gizas 2005b, NaCl accumulation in a cucumber crop grown in a completely closed hydroponic system as influenced by NaCl concentration in irrigation water. Eur J Hortic Sci 70:217-223.
  36. Schon M., and M.P. Compton 1997, Comparison of cucumbers grown in rockwool or perlite at two leaching fractions. HortTechnology 7:30-33. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.7.1.30
  37. Sensoy S., A. Ertek, I. Gedik, and C. Kucukyumuk 2007, Irrigation frequency and amount affect yield and quality of field-grown melon (Cucumis melo L.). Agric Water Manag 88:269-274. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2006.10.015
  38. Smith D. 1987, Rockwool in horticulture: Grower books. World Vegetable Center, Taiwan.
  39. Tzerakis C., D. Savvas, and N. Sigrimis 2012, Responses of cucumber grown in recirculating nutrient solution to gradual Mn and Zn accumulation in the root zone owing to excessive supply via the irrigation water. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 175:125-134. doi:10.1002/jpln.201100035
  40. Tzerakis C., D. Savvas, N. Sigrimis, and G. Mavrogiannopoulos 2013, Uptake of Mn and Zn by cucumber grown in closed hydroponic systems as influenced by the Mn and Zn concentrations in the supplied nutrient solution. HortScience 48:373-379. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.48.3.373
  41. Valantin M., C. Gary, X.C. Vaissi, B.E. Re, and J.S. Frossard 1999, Effect of fruit load on partitioning of dry matter and energy in cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.). Ann Bot 84:173-181. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1999.0904
  42. Wang J., G. Huang, J. Li, J. Zheng, Q. Huang, and H. Liu 2017, Effect of soil moisture-based furrow irrigation scheduling on melon (Cucumis melo L.) yield and quality in an arid region of Northwest China. Agric Water Manag 179:167-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.04.023
  43. Yavuz D., M. Seymen, N. Yavuz, H. Coklar, and M. Ercan 2021, Effects of water stress applied at various phenological stages on yield, quality, and water use efficiency of melon. Agric Water Manag 246 doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106673
  44. Yildirim O., N. Halloran, S. Cavusoglu, and N. Seng l 2009, Effects of different irrigation programs on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of drip-irrigated melon. Turk J Agric For 33:243-255. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-0806-19
  45. Zekki H., L. Gauthier, and A. Gosselin 1996, Growth, productivity, and mineral composition of hydroponically cultivated greenhouse tomatoes, with or without nutrient solution recycling. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 121:1082-1088. doi:10.21273/JASHS.121.6.1082