Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence (한국인공지능학회지)

Korea Artificial Intelligence Association (한국인공지능학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Investigating Factors that affect Attitude on Electric Vehicles for Global Climate Change and Environmental Policy

  • Received : 2022.04.10
  • Accepted : 2023.05.22
  • Published : 2023.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how consumers perceive electric vehicles and factors that affect attitude, satisfaction, and intention to use electric vehicles and to explore policy issues regarding climate change and global environment. By classifying actual and potential users, this study developed the following research questions: i) factors including economic feasibility, sociality, environmental sustainability, inefficiency, inconvenience, convenience, and uncertainty affect attitude to electric vehicles; ii) attitude to electric vehicles affects actual consumers' satisfaction; and iii) attitude to electric vehicles affects potential users' intention to use. Research design, data and methodology: This study conducted an online survey and applied factor and regression analyses and ANOVA to test hypotheses. Results: The results of this study found that economic feasibility and convenience factors significantly affect attitude in both cases of actual and potential users. How actual users perceive efficiency of electric vehicles negatively and uncertain issues such as battery technology affect attitude to electric vehicles. Conclusions: This study provides policy implications that foster promotional policies for the adoption of electric vehicles for environment and regulate negative aspects. This study also provides managerial implications for manufacturers to develop better technology competences to enhance reliability on electric vehicles.

Keywords

References

  1. Abouee-Mehrizi, H., Baron, O., Berman, O., & Chen D. (2021). Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Car Sharing Market. Production and Operations Management, 30(1), 190-209.
  2. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2000). Attitudes and the Attitude-Behavior Relation: Reasoned and Automatic Processes. European Review of Social Psychology, 11(1), 1-33.
  3. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  4. Armenio, S., Bergantino, A. S., Intini, M., & Morone, A. (2021). Cheaper or Eco-friendly Cars: What Do Consumers Prefer? An Experimental Study on Individual and Social Preferences. Ecological Economics, 193, 1-7.
  5. Bakar, N., & Hasan-Basri, B. (2017). Strategic Innovation and Consumer Preferences: An Analysis of Malaysian Hybrid Car Policy, Millennial Asia, 8(1), 64-77.
  6. Barbarossa, C., De Pelsmacker, P., & Moons, I. (2017). Personal Values, Green Self-identity and Electric Car Adoption. Ecological Economics, 140, 190-200.
  7. Biresselioglu, M. E., Kaplan, M. D., & Yilmaz, B. K. (2018). Electric mobility in Europe: A Comprehensive Review of Motivators and Barriers in Decision Making Processes. Transportation Research Part A, 109, 1-13.
  8. Brase, G. L. (2019). What Would It Take to Get You into an Electric Car? Consumer Perceptions and Decision Making about Electric Vehicles. The Journal of Psychology, 153(2), 214-236.
  9. Brezavscek, A., Sparl, P., & Znidarsic, A. (2017). Factors Influencing the Behavioural Intention to Use Statistical Software: The Perspective of the Slovenian Students of Social Sciences. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 13(3), 953-986.
  10. Brown, R. M. (2006). Drivers of Student Satisfaction and Student Loyalty in a Australian University Setting. Western Australia, Australia: Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.
  11. Carley, S., Krause, R. M., Lane, B. W., & Graham, J. D. (2013). Intent to Purchase a Plug-in Electric Vehicle: A Survey of Early Impressions in Large US cites. Transportation Research Part D-Transport and Environment, 18, 39-45.
  12. Chen, Y. S., & Chang, C. H. (2012). Enhance Green Purchase Intentions: The Roles of Green Perceived Value, Green Perceived Risk, and Green Trust. Management Decision, 50(3), 502-520.
  13. Chen, Y. S., & Chang, C. H. (2013). The Determinants of Green Product Development Performance: Green Dynamic Capabilities, Green Transformational Leadership, and Green Creativity. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(1), 107-119.
  14. Danielis, R., Rotaris, L., Giansoldati, M., & Scorrano, M. (2020). Drivers' Preferences for Electric Cars in Italy. Evidence from a Country with Limited but Growing Electric Car Uptake. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 137, 79-94.
  15. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Model. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003.
  16. Degirmenci, K., & Breitner, M. H. (2017). Consumer Purchase Intentions for Electric Vehicles: Is Green More Important than Price and Range? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 51, 250-260.
  17. Dillman, K, J., Arnadottir, A., Heinonen, J., Czepkiewicz, M., & Davidsdottir, B. (2020). Review and Meta-Analysis of EVs: Embodied Emissions and Environmental Breakeven. Sustainability, 12(22), 1-5.
  18. Egbue, O., & Long, S. (2012). Barriers to Widespread Adoption of Electric Vehicles: An Analysis of Consumer Attitudes and Perceptions. Energy policy, 48, 717-729.
  19. Ellingsen, L. A. W., Singh, B., & Stromman, A. H. (2016). The Size and Range Effect: Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Electric Vehicles. Environmental Research Letters, 11(5), 1-8.
  20. European Environment Agency (EEA) (2022). Transport and Environment Report 2021: Decarbonizing Road Transport - The Role of Vehicles, Fuels and Transport Demand, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  21. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  22. Franke, T., Neumann, I., Buhler, F., Cocron P., & Krems, J. F. (2012). Experiencing Range in an Electric Vehicle: Understanding Psychological Barriers. Applied Psychology, 61(3), 368-391.
  23. Gulzari, A., Wang, Y., & Prybutok, V. (2022). A Green Experience with Eco-friendly Cars: A Young Consumer Electric Vehicle Rental Behavioral Model. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 65, 1-10.
  24. Hawkins, T. R., Singh, B., Majeau-Bettez, G., & Stromman, A. H. (2012). Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles. Industrial Ecology, 17(1), 54-64.
  25. Hidrue, M. K., Parsons, G. R., Kempton, W., & Gardner, M. P. (2011). Willingness to pay for electric Vehicles and Their Attributes. Resource and Energy Economics, 33, 686-705.
  26. International Energy Agency (IEA) (2022). Global EV Outlook 2022: Securing Supplies for an Electric Future. May, 1-212, Paris, France. https://www.iea.org
  27. Jensen, A. F., Cherchi E., & Mabit, S. L. (2013). On the Stability of Preferences and Attitudes before and after Experiencing an Electric Vehicle. Transportation Research Part D, 25, 24-32.
  28. Jiang, H., Hu, J., An, S., Wang, M., & Park, B. B. (2017). Eco Approaching at an Isolated Signalized Intersection under Partially Connected and Automated Vehicles Environment. Transportation Research Part C, 79, 290-307.
  29. Ju, N., Lee, K. H. & Kim, S.H. (2021). Factors Affecting Consumer Awareness and the Purchase of Eco-Friendly Vehicles: Textual Analysis of Korean Market. Sustainability 2021, 13(10), 1-17.
  30. Kowalska-Pyzalska, A., Kott, J., & Kott, M. (2020). Why Polish Market of Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) is the Smallest in Europe? SWOT Analysis of Opportunities and Threats. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 133, 1-20.
  31. Lee, H., & Lovellette, G. (2011). Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S. Vehicle Market? An Analysis of the Key Determinants. Discussion Paper 2011-08, Energy Technology Innovation Policy Research Group, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.
  32. Lee, Jinseo and Cho, Yoon C. (2021). Fostering Attitudes and Customer Satisfaction for Sustainability by Electric Car-Sharing. Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business, 12(5), 41-50.
  33. Liao, F., Molin, E., & Wee, B. E. (2017). Consumer Preferences for Electric Vehicles: a Literature Review. Transport Reviews, 37(3), 252-275.
  34. Lopez-Gamero, M. D., Molina-Azorin, J. F., & Claver-Cortes, E. (2010). The Potential of Environmental Regulation to Change Managerial Perception, Environmental Management, Competitiveness and Financial Performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(10-11), 963-974.
  35. Manjunath, A., & Gross, G. (2017). Towards a Meaningful Metric for the Quantification of GHG Emissions of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Energy Policy, 102, 423-429.
  36. Maya, S. R., Lopez-Lopez, I., & Munuera, J. L. (2011). Organic Food Consumption in Europe: International Segmentation based on Value System Differences. Ecological Economics, 70(10), 1767-1775.
  37. Moons, I., & Pelsmacker, P. D. (2012). Emotions as Determinants of Electric Car Usage Intention. Journal of Marketing Management, 28(3-4), 195-237.
  38. Nanaki, E. A., & Koroneos, C. J. (2016). Climate Change Mitigation and Deployment of Electric Vehicles in Urban Areas. Renewable Energy, 99, 1153-1160.
  39. Nepomuceno, M. V., Laroche, M., & Richard, M. O. (2014). How to Reduce Perceived Risk when Buying Online: The Interactions between Intangibility, Product Knowledge, Brand Familiarity, Privacy and Security Concerns. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(4), 619-629.
  40. Noppers, E. H., Keizer, K., Bolderdijk, J. W., & Steg, L. (2014). The Adoption of Sustainable Innovations: Driven by Symbolic and Environmental Motives. Global Environmental Change, 25, 52-62.
  41. Oliver, R. L. (1980). A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17, 460-469.
  42. Ozaki, R., & Sevastyanova, K. (2010). Going hybrid: An Analysis of Consumer Purchase Motivations. Energy Policy, 39(5), 2217-2227.
  43. Ramli, A. R., Kadir, J. M. A., Ismail, N., Othman, A. A., & Melo, P. C. (2021). Fuel Subsidies, Fuel Consumption, and Road Transport Emissions: A Systematic Review. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 6(16), 275-281.
  44. Rezvani, Z., Jansson, J., & Bodin, J. (2015). Advances in Consumer Electric Vehicle Adoption Research: A Review and Research Agenda. Transportation Research Part D, 34, 122-136.
  45. Schmelzer, S., & Miess, M. (2015). The Economic Costs of Electric Vehicles. Electromobility, Development of an Evaluation Framework for the Introduction of Electromobility, DEFINE Working Paper, 1-24.
  46. Sefora, I., Chuchu, T., Chiliya, N., & Ndoro, T. (2019). An Investigation of Young Consumers' Perceptions towards the Adoption of Electric Cars. African Journal of Business and Economic Research, 14(2), 107-126.
  47. Sheth, J. N., Newman, B. I., & Gross, B. L. (1991). Why We Buy What We Buy: A Theory of Consumption Values. Journal of Business Research, 22(2), 159-170.
  48. Shillington, A., Zhang, V., Jacobson, D., & Miller, O. (2021). The Electric Vehicle Revolution and ESG Charge Ahead. VanEck, New York, NY, 1-14.
  49. Sweeney, J. C., & Soutar, G. N. (2001). Consumer perceived value: The development of a multiple item scale. Journal of Retailing, 77(2), 203-220.
  50. Thigpen, C. L., & Tyson, A. (2021). On Social Media, Gen Z and Millennial Adults interact more with Climate Change Content than Older Generations. Pew Research Center, Washington, U.S.
  51. Vassileva, I., & Campillo, J. (2017). Adoption Barriers for Electric Vehicles: Experiences from Early Adopters in Sweden. Energy, 120(1), 632-641.
  52. Verma, S., Dwivedi, G., & Verma, P. (2021). Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicles in Comparison to Combustion Engine Vehicles: A Review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 49, 217-222.
  53. Vongurai, R. (2020). Factors affecting Customer Brand Preference toward Electric Vehicle in Bangkok, Thailand. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economic and Business, 7(8), 383-393.
  54. Wang, N., Tang, L., & Pan, H. (2018). Analysis of Public Acceptance of Electric Vehicles: An Empirical Study in Shanghai. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 126, 284-291.
  55. White, L. V., & Sintov, N. D. (2017). You are what you Drive: Environmentalist and Social Innovator Symbolism drives Electric Vehicle Adoption Intentions. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 99, 94-113.
  56. Williamson, S. S., Emadi, A., & Rajashekara, K. (2007). Comprehensive Efficiency Modelling of Electric Traction Motor Drives for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Propulsion Applications. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 56(4), 1561-1572.
  57. Wilson, K. A. (2022). Worth the Watt: A Brief History of the Electric Car, 1830 to Present. Car And Driver, 17 August, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. https://www.caranddriver.com
  58. Zhang, Y., Qian, Z. S., Sprei, F., & Li, B. (2016). The Impact of Car Specifications, Prices and Incentives for Battery Electric Vehicles in Norway: Choices of Heterogeneous Consumers. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 69, 386-401.
  59. Zubaryeva, A., Thiel, C., Barbone, E., & Mercia, A. (2012), Assessing Factors for the Identification of Potential lead Markets for Electrified Vehicles in Europe: Expert Opinion Elicitation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 79(9), 1622-1637.