DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Inclusive Crisis Communication During COVID-19: Lessons Learned from the Experiences of Persons with Disabilities in Makassar, Indonesia

  • Received : 2022.09.21
  • Accepted : 2023.07.12
  • Published : 2023.08.31

Abstract

Persons with disabilities (PwD) are believed to be a group that had a greater risk during the pandemic. While PwD are vulnerable to the spread of COVID-19 due to their high dependence on physical contact, a series of policies restricting public movement during the pandemic had the potential to place PwD in increasingly marginalized situations. This situation reinforces the urgency of crisis communication as one of the critical parts of the COVID-19 response to ensure that all levels and groups of society can accept and understand the flow of information. Using a qualitative approach, this research was conducted through in-depth interviews with PwD age 17-50 in the city of Makassar, Indonesia. The results of this study suggest that crisis communication during the pandemic should involve participatory communication, which focuses on collaboration with empowerment. The PwD communities need to be actively engaged during the communication process of a pandemic crisis to ensure that inclusiveness is always taken into account. During the distribution of information, the relevant health officers or the government at the regional level need to carry out more frequent socialization and special services for PwD based on the characteristics of their disabilities.

Keywords

References

  1. Alexander, D., Gaillard, J., & Wisner, B. (2012). Disability and disaster. In B. Wisner, J. C. Gaillard, & I. Kelman (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of hazards and disaster risk reduction (pp.413-423). Routledge. 
  2. Anson, S., Bertel, D., & Edwards, J. (2021). Inclusive communication to influence behaviour change during the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining intersecting vulnerabilities. In I. Linkov, J. M. Keenan, & B. D., Trump (Eds.), COVID-19: Systemic risk and resilience (pp. 213-234). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71587-8_13 
  3. Blumenshine, P., Reingold, l., Egerter, S., Mockenhaupt, a., Braveman, P., & Marks, J. (2008). Pandemic influenza planning in the United States from a health disparities perspective. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14(5), 709. http://doi.org/10.3201/eid1405.071301 
  4. Brce, J. N., & Kogovsek, D. (2020). Inclusion, inclusive education and inclusive communication. In B. Saqipi & S. Bercnik (Eds.), Selected topics in education, (pp. 161-183). Albas, Tirane. 
  5. Dai, R., & Hu, L. (2021). Inclusive communications in COVID-19: l virtual ethnographic study of disability support network in China. Disability & Society, 37(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2021.1933388 
  6. Eikel-Pohen, M. (2019). Assessing disability-inclusive language teaching methods with multimodality and universal design principles. Die Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching German, 52(1), 1-13.https://doi.org/10.1111/tger.12081 
  7. Fu, K. W., White, J., Chan, Y. Y., Zhou, L., Zhang, Q., & Lu, Q. (2010). Enabling the disabled: Media use and communication needs of people with disabilities during and after the Sichuan earthquake in China. International Journal of Emergency Management, 7(1), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2010.032046 
  8. Furqan, R., Muhtar, S. M., & Arya, N. (2022). Application of user generated content by television news' during pandemic. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 7(1), 71-83.  https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v7i1.1069
  9. Goggin, G., & Ellis, K. (2020). Disability, communication, and life itself in the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Sociology Review, 29(2), 168-176. http://doi.org/10.1080/14461242.2020.1784020 
  10. Good, G. A., Phibbs, S., & Williamson, K. (2016). Disoriented and immobile: The experiences of people with visual impairments during and after the Christchurch, New Zealand, 2010 and 2011 earthquakes. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 110(6), 425-435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X1611000605 
  11. Han, Z., Wang, H., Du, Q., & Zeng, Y. (2017). Natural hazards preparedness in Taiwan: A comparison between households with and without disabled members. Health Security 15(6), 575-81. https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2017.0025 
  12. Hasan, K. (2022). Penyandang Disabilitas di Sulsel Luput Perhatian pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 [Persons with disabilities in South Sulawesi escape attention during the COVID-19 pandemic]. Makassar Terkini. Retrieved January 1, 2023, from https://makassar.terkini.id/penyandang-disabilitas-di-sulsel-luputperhatian-pada-masa-pandemi-covid-19/?showall#! 
  13. Heffelfinger, J. D., Patel, P., Brooks, J. T., Calvet, H., Daley, C. L., Dean, H. D., Edlin, B. R., Gensheimer, K. F., Jereb, J., & Kent, C. K. (2009). Pandemic influenza: Implications for programs controlling for HIV infection, tuberculosis, and chronic viral hepatitis. American Journal of Public Health, 99(S2), S333-S339. http://doi.org/10.2105/lJPH.2008.158170 
  14. International Disability Alliance (IDA). (2020). Toward a disability-inclusive COVID-19 response: 10 recommendations from the International Disability Alliance. Retrieved from [www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/sites/default/files/ida-covid7.pdf] 
  15. Karim, M. A. (2018). Implementasi Kebijakan Pemenuhan Hak-Hak Penyandang Disabilitas di Kota Makassar [Policy implementation of fulfilling the rights of person with disabilities in Makassar City]. GOVERNMENT: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 86-102. https://doi.org/10.31947/jgov.v11i2.8054 
  16. Lin, H. C., & Chang, C. M. (2018). What motivates health information exchange in social media? The roles of the social cognitive theory and perceived interactivity. Information & Management, 55(6), 771-780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2018.03.006 
  17. Millot, M., & Wulandari, F. T. (2021). Disabilitas - Pembangunan Inklusif di Sulawesi Selatan [Disabilities-inclusive development in South Sulawesi]. https://pair.australiaindonesiacentre.org/research/young-people/breakingthe-cycle-of-poverty-and-disability-in-south-sulawesi/ 
  18. Mukasa, M. V. (2019). Post-Hurricane Sandy coping strategies and resilience factors among people with disabilities [Doctoral Dissertation, Walden University]. Walden University Theses and Dissertations Archive. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6799/ 
  19. Oliver, L. (2020). Coronavirus: A pandemic in the age of inequality. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/coronavirus-pandemic-inequality-among-workers/ 
  20. Palma-Oliveira, J., Trump, B. D., & Linkov, I. (2021). Why did risk communication fail for the COVID-19 pandemic, and how can we do better? In I. Linkov, J. M. Keenan, & B. D., Trump (Eds.), COVID-19: Systemic risk and resilience (pp. 195-211). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71587-8_12 
  21. Pawi, A. A., & Susetyo, H. (2022). Upaya mewujudkan kebijakan ramah disabilitas dalam pelaksanaan program vaksinasi Covid-19 [Efforts to create disability-friendly policies in the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination program]. JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan), 6(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.58258/jisip.v6i4.3587 
  22. Purohit, N., & Mehta, S. (2020). Risk communication initiatives amid COVID-19 in India: Analyzing message effectiveness of videos on national television. Journal of Health Management, 22(2), 262-280. https://doi.org/10.1177/097206342093565 
  23. Rifai, A. A., & Humaedi, S. (2020). Inklusi penyandang disabilitas dalam situasi pandemi covid-19 dalam perspektif sustainable development goals (SDGs) [Inclusion of persons with disabilities in the COVID-10 pandemic situation in the perspective of sustainable development goals (SDGs)]. Prosiding Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 7(2), 449. http://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/prosiding/article/view/28872/pdf 
  24. Sherman-Morris, K., Pechacek, T., Griffin, D. J., & Senkbeil, J. (2020). Tornado warning awareness, information needs and the barriers to protective action of individuals who are blind. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50, 101709. 
  25. Sullivan, H. T., & Hakkinen, M. T. (2006, April 21-22). Disaster preparedness for vulnerable populations: Determining effective strategies for communicating risk, warning, and response. [Conference Presentation]. The Third Annual Magrann Research Conference on the Future of Disasters in a Globalizing World, New Brunswick, NJ, United States. https://magrann-conference.rutgers.edu/2006/_papers/sullivan.pdf 
  26. WHO. (2020). Disability considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Disability-2020-1 
  27. Wieland, M. L., lsiedu, G. B., Lantz, K., Abbenyi, A., Njeru, J. W., Osman, A., Goodson, M., Ahmed, Y., Molina, L. E., & Doubeni, C. A., Sia, I. G., & the Rochester Healthy Community Partnership COVID-19 Task Force (2021). Leveraging community engaged research partnerships for crisis and emergency risk communication to vulnerable populations in the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 5(1). http://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.47 
  28. Xu, D., Yan, C., Zhao, Z., Weng, J., & Ma, S. (2021). External communication barriers among elderly deaf and hard of hearing people in China during the COVID-19 pandemic emergency isolation: A qualitative study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11519. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111519 
  29. Zhang, L., Li, H., & Chen, K. (2020). Effective risk communication for public health emergency: Reflection on the COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) outbreak in Wuhan, China. Healthcare, 8(1), 64. http://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8010064