Textile Science and Engineering (한국섬유공학회지)

The Korean Fiber Society (한국섬유공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Change of Yellowing and Crystallinity of Silkworm Variety Cocoons by Heat Treatment

열처리에 따른 누에품종별 누에고치의 황변 정도와 결정성 변화

  • Hye Gyeoung Lee (Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Chae Min Lim (Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Seong Wan Kim (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Kee Young Kim (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • In Chul Um (Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University)
  • 이혜경 (경북대학교 바이오섬유소재학과) ;
  • 임채민 (경북대학교 바이오섬유소재학과) ;
  • 김성완 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 김기영 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 엄인철 (경북대학교 바이오섬유소재학과)
  • Received : 2023.04.08
  • Accepted : 2023.05.25
  • Published : 2023.06.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Silk has been extensively studied as a promising material for biomedical and cosmetic applications due to its excellent biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, biodegradability, among other unique properties. In addition to these properties, the natural silk nonwoven fabric has attracted attention from researchers in bio-related fields due to its ease of fabrication. The natural silk nonwoven fabric is prepared by reeling silkworm cocoons and subjecting them to heat treatment. In this study, various silkworm variety cocoons were wet- and heat-treated and then, their whiteness index and crystallinity index were measured to gain a better understanding of structural characteristics of cocoons. The whiteness index was significantly reduced above 200 ℃ and the extent of reduction varied slightly depending on the silkworm variety. Wet treatment of the silkworm cocoons prevented slightly the decrease in the whiteness index of cocoons. The crystallinity index of cocoon was different depending on the silkworm variety and Baekokjam cocoon showed the highest crystallinity index. Outside of cocoon showed a remarkable decrease of crystallinity index above a treatment temperature of 200 ℃. However, the crystallinity index of outside of cocoon did not decrease when the wet treatment was conducted prior to heat treatment. On the other hand, the crystallinity index of inside of cocoon increased above 200 ℃ regardless of wet treatment.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업과학기술 연구개발사업(과제번호: PJ016130)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.

References

  1. Y. Yang, X. Chen, F. Ding, P. Zhang, J. Liu, and X. Gu, "Biocompatibility Evaluation of Silk Fibroin with Peripheral Nerve Tissues and Cells in Vitro", Biomaterials, 2007, 28, 1643-1652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.12.004
  2. L. Uebersax, T. Apfel, K. M. R. Nuss, R. Vogt, H. Y. Kim, L. Meinel, D. L. Kaplan, J. A. Auer, H. P. Merkle, and B. Rechenberg, "Biocompatibility and Osteoconduction of Macroporous Silk Fibroin Implants in Cortical Defects in Sheep", European J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2013, 85, 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.05.008
  3. N. Minoura, S. I. Aiba, Y. Gotoh, M. Tsukada, and Y. Imai, "Attachment and Growth of Cultured Fibroblast Cells on Silk Protein Matrices", J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 1995, 29, 1215-1221. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820291008
  4. R. E. Unger, M. Wolf, K. Peters, A. Motta, C. Migliaresi, and C. J. Kirkpatrick, "Growth of Human Cells on a Non-woven Silk Fibroin Net: A Potential for Use in Tissue Engineering", Biomaterials, 2004, 25, 1069-1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00619-7
  5. H. Sakabe, H. Ito, T. Miyamoto, T. Miyamoto, Y. Noishiki, and W. S. Ha, "In vivo Blood Compatibility of Regenerated Silk Fibroin", Sen'i Gakkaishi, 1989, 45, 487-490. https://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.45.11_487
  6. A. Vasconcelos, G. Freddi, and A. Cavaco-Paulo, "Biodegradable Materials Based on Silk Fibroin and Keratin", Biomacromolecules, 2008, 9, 1299-1305. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm7012789
  7. H. J. Cho, Y. J. Yoo, J. W. Kim, Y. H. Park, D. G. Bae, and I. C. Um, "Effect of Molecular Weight and Storage Time on the Wet-and Electro-spinning of Regenerated Silk Fibroin", Polym. Degrad. Stab., 2012, 97, 1060-1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.007
  8. H. W. Ju, O. J. Lee, J. M. Lee, B. M. Moon, H. J. Park, Y. R. Park, M. C. Lee, S. H. Kim, J. R. Chao, C. S. Ki, and C. H. Park, "Wound Healing Effect of Electrospun Silk Fibroin Nanomatrix in Burn-model", Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2016, 85, 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.055
  9. M. Farokhi, F. Mottaghitalab, Y. Fatahi, A. Khademhosseini, and D. L. Kaplan, "Overview of Silk Fibroin Use in Wound Dressings", Trends Biotechnol., 2018, 36, 907-922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.04.004
  10. J. Y. Song, S. G. Kim, J. W. Lee, W. S. Chae, H. Y. Kweon, Y. Y. Jo, G. K. Lee, Y. C. Lee, J. Y. Choi, and J. Y. Kim, "Accelerated Healing with the Use of a Silk Fibroin Membrane for the Guided Bone Regeneration Technique", Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod., 2011, 112, e26-e33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.05.002
  11. T. V. Chirila, Z. Barnard, Zainuddin, D. G. Harkin, I. R. Schwab, and L. W. Hirst, "Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin Membranes as Potential Substrata for Epithelial Constructs Used in the Management of Ocular Surface Disorders", Tissue Eng. Part A, 2008, 14, 1203-1211. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0224
  12. B. Levin, R. Rajkhowa, S. L. Redmond, and M. D. Atlas, "Grafts in Myringoplasty: Utilizing a Silk Fibroin Scaffold as a Novel Device", Expert Rev. Med. Devices, 2009, 6, 653-664. https://doi.org/10.1586/erd.09.47
  13. T. Yucel, M. L. Lovett, and D. L. Kaplan, "Silk-based Biomaterials for Sustained Drug Delivery", J. Controlled Release, 2014, 190, 381-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.059
  14. A. Magaz, A. Faroni, J. E. Gough, A. J. Reid, X. Li, and J. J. Blaker, "Bioactive Silk-based Nerve Guidance Conduits for Augmenting Peripheral Nerve Repair", Adv. Healthc. Mater., 2018, 7, 1800308.
  15. F. Guo, C. Liu, R. Han, Q. Lu, Y. Bai, R. Yang, D. Niu, and X. Zhang, "Bio-inspired Anisotropic Polymeric Heart Valves Exhibiting Valve-like Mechanical and Hemodynamic Behavior", Sci. China. Mater., 2020, 63, 629.
  16. H. Wang and B. Zhou, "Development and Performance Study of a Natural Silk Fiber Facial Mask Paper", J. Eng. Fiber. Fabr., 2020, 15, 1558925020975756.
  17. Y. S. Bae and I. C. Um, "Effects of Wet and Hot Press Treatments on Structure and Properties of Mechanically Fabricated Natural Silk Non-woven Fabrics", Text. Sci. Eng., 2018, 55, 381-389.
  18. J. H. Lee, Y. S. Bae, S. J. Kim, D. W. Song, Y. H. Park, D. G. Bae, J. H. Choi, and I. C. Um, "Preparation of New Natural Silk Non-woven Fabrics by Using Adhesion Characteristics of Sericin and Their Characterization", Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2018, 106, 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.179
  19. Y. S. Bae and I. C. Um, "Effects of Fabrication Conditions on Structure and properties of Mechanically Prepared Natural Silk Web and Non-woven Fabrics", Polymers, 2021, 13, 1578.
  20. S. J. Kim and I. C. Um, "Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Properties of Natural Silk Non-woven Fabrics from Different Silkworm Varieties", Fiber. Polym., 2022, 23, 1130-1141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-022-4350-6
  21. K. H. Kim, L. Jeong, H. N. Park, S. Y. Shin, W. H. Park, S. C. Lee, T. L. Kim, Y. J. Park, Y. J. Seol, Y. M. Lee, Y. Ku, I. C. Rhyu, S. B. Han, and C. P. Chung, "Biological Efficacy of Silk Fibroin Nanofiber Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration", J. Biotech., 2005, 120, 327-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.06.033
  22. B. K. Park, S. K. Nho, and I. C. Um, "Molecular Conformation and Crystallinity of White Colored Silkworm Cocoons with Different Silkworm Varieties", Int. J. Indust. Entomol., 2019a, 38, 18-23.
  23. B. K. Park, S. K. Nho, and I. C. Um, "Crystallinity of Yellow Colored Silkworm Variety Cocoons", Int. J. Indust. Entomol., 2019b, 38, 51-55.
  24. S. J. Kim and I. C. Um, "Effect of Silkworm Variety on Characteristics of Raw Sericin in Silk", Fiber. Polym., 2019, 20, 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-8715-4
  25. H. J. Choi, S. K. Noh, and I. C. Um, "Morphology, Molecular Conformation and Moisture Regain of Cocoons of Different Silkworm Varieties", Int. J. Indust. Entomol., 2020, 40, 6-15.
  26. H. G. Lee, S. K. Nho, and I. C. Um, "Morphology and Crystallinity of Silkworm Cocoons with Different Rearing Seasons", Int. J. Indust. Entomol., 2021, 43, 16-21.
  27. Y. J. Bae, S. K. No, and I. C. Um, "Crystallinity Change of Silkworm Variety Cocoons by Heat Treatment", Int. J. Indust. Entomol., 2021, 42, 7-13.
  28. H. G. Lee, D. G. Bae, and I. C. Um, "Effect of Wet Treatment on the Structure of Various Silkworm Strain Cocoons with Different Rearing Seasons", Int. J. Indust. Entomol., 2022, 44, 4-11.
  29. Y. J. Kim, S. W. Kim, K. Y. Kim, C. S. Ki, and I. C. Um, "Structural Characteristics and Properties of Cocoon and Regenerated Silk Fibroin from Different Silkworm Strains", Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2023, 24, 4965.
  30. B. K. Park and I. C. Um, "Effect of Korean Bombyx mori Variety on Electro-spinning Performance of Regenerated Silk Fibroin", Fiber. Polym., 2015, 16, 1935-1940. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-015-5472-x
  31. M. J. Jang and I. C. Um, "Effect of Different Bombyx mori Silkworm Varieties on the Wet Spinning of Silk Fibroin", Int. J. Indust. Entomol., 2015, 30, 75-80. https://doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2015.30.2.75
  32. V. Briones and J. M. Aguilera, "Image Analysis of Changes in Surface Color of Chocolate", Food Res. Int., 2005, 38, 87-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2004.09.002
  33. Y. N. Jo, D. G. Bae, and I. C. Um, "The Effect of Extraction Conditions and Film Side on the Molecular Conformation of Silk Sericin Film", Int. J. Indust. Entomol., 2013, 26, 113-118. https://doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2013.26.2.113
  34. H. Zhang, J. Magoshi, M. Becker, J. Y. Chen, and R. Matsunaga, "Thermal Properties of Bombyx mori Silk Fibers", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2002, 86, 1817-1820. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.11089
  35. D. E. Chung, H. H. Kim, M. K. Kim, K. H. Lee, Y. H. Park, and I. C. Um, "Effects of Different Bombyx mori Silkworm Varieties on the Structural Characteristics and Properties of Silk", Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2015, 79, 943-951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.012
  36. H. Y. Wang and Y. Q. Zhang, "Effect of Regeneration of Liquid Silk Fibroin on its Structure and Characterization", Soft Matter, 2013, 9, 138-145. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2SM26945G
  37. K. G. Lee, H. Y. Kweon, J. H. Yeo, S. O. Woo, Y. W. Lee, C. S. Cho, K. H. Kim, and Y. H. Park, "Effect of Methyl Alcohol on the Morphology and Conformational Characteristics of Silk Sericin", Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2003, 33, 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-8130(03)00069-2
  38. C. J. Park and I. C. Um, "Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structural Characteristics and Properties of Silk Sericin Film", Int. J. Indust. Entomol., 2018, 37, 36-42.
  39. Y. J. Kim, H. Y. Kweon, and I. C. Um, "Effects of Wet Treatment Conditions on the Crystallinity and Morphology of Outside of Silkworm Cocoons", Int. J. Indust. Entomol., 2021, 43, 22-28.
  40. D. E. Chung and I. C. Um, "Effect of Molecular Weight and Concentration on Crystallinity and Post Drawing of Wet Spun Silk Fibroin Fiber", Fiber. Polym., 2014, 15, 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-014-0153-8
  41. C. J. Park, J. Ryoo, C. S. Ki, J. W. Kim, I. S. Kim, D. G. Bae, and I. C. Um, "Effect of Molecular Weight on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Silk Sericin Gel, Film, and Sponge", Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2018, 119, 821-832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.006
  42. X. Chen, Z. Shao, N. S. Marinkovic, L. M. Miller, P. Zhou, and M. R. Chance, "Conformation Transition Kinetics of Regenerated Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin Membrane Monitored by Time-resolved FTIR Spectroscopy", Biophys. Chem., 2001, 89, 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4622(00)00213-1
  43. H. Y. Kweon, H. C. Ha, I. C. Um, and Y. H. Park, "Physical Properties of Silk Fibroin/chitosan Blend Films", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2001, 80, 928-934. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1172
  44. Y. E. Kim, Y. J. Bae, Y. S. Seok, and I. C. Um, "Effect of Hot Press Time on the Structure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Silk Non-woven Fabric", Int. J. Indust. Entomol., 2022, 44, 12-20.
  45. J. H. Lee, B. K. Park, and I. C. Um, "Preparation of Highly Crystalline Silk Nanofibrils and Their Use in the Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of Silk Films", Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2022, 23, 11344.
  46. I. C. Um, T. H. Kim, H. Y. Kweon, C. S. Ki, and Y. H. Park, "A Comparative Study on the Dielectric and Dynamic Mechanical Relaxation behavior of the Regenerated Silk Fibroin Films", Macromol. Res., 2009, 17, 785-790. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03218615