Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers (한국전기전자재료학회논문지)

The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers (한국전기전자재료학회)
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Effects of High-Energy Ball Milling and Sintering Time on the Electric-Field-Induced Strain Properties of Lead-Free BNT-Based Ceramic Composites

  • Nga-Linh Vu (School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Nga-Linh Vu (School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Dae-Jun Heo (School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Thi Hinh Dinh (Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University) ;
  • Chang Won Ahn (Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Chang Won Ahn (Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Hyoung-Su Han (School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Jae-Shin Lee (School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan)
  • Received : 2023.07.10
  • Accepted : 2023.08.09
  • Published : 2023.09.01
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Abstract

This study investigated crystal structures, microstructures, and electric-field-induced strain (EFIS) properties of Bi-based lead-free ferroelectric/relaxor composites. Bi1/2Na0.82K0.18)1/2TiO3 (BNKT) as a ferroelectric material and 0.78Bi1/2(Na0.78K0.22)1/2TiO3-0.02LaFeO3 (BNKT2LF) as a relaxor material were synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction method, and the resulting BNKT2LF powders were subjected to high-energy ball milling (HEBM) after calcination. As a result, HEBM proved a larger average grain size of sintered samples compared to conventional ball milling (CBM). In addition, the increased sintering time led to grain growth. Furthermore, HEBM treatment and sintering time demonstrated a significant effect on EFIS of BNKT/BNKT2LF composites. At 6 kV/mm, 0.35% of the maximum strain (Smax) was observed in the HEBM sample sintered for 12 h. The unipolar strain curves of CBM samples were almost linear, indicating almost no phase transitions, while HEBM samples displayed phase transitions at 5~6 kV/mm for all sintering time levels, showing the highest Smax/Emax value of 700 pm/V. These results indicated that HEBM treatment with a long sintering time might significantly enhance the electromechanical strain properties of BNT-based ceramics.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Republic of Korea (Grants 2020R1C1C1007375). CW Ahn acknowledges financial support from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Republic of Korea (RS-2023-00245221).

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